Exploration of novel rhizospheric yeast isolate as fertilizing soil inoculant for improvement of maize cultivation

Field experiments were carried out at the Department of Agronomy of the Poznań University of Life Sciences to determine the effect of the depth of NP fertilization placement in maize cultivation on the number of plants after emergence. The adopted assumptions were verified based on a six-year field experiment involving four depths of NP fertilizer application (A1—0 cm (broadcast), A2—5 cm (in rows), A3—10 cm (in rows), A4—15 cm (in rows)). The objective of this study was to assess NP fertilizer placement depth, in conjunction with the year, on the number of maize (Zea mays L.) plants after emergence using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model. The number of plants after emergence decreased with the depth of NP fertilization in the soil profile, confirming the high dependence of maize on phosphorus and nitrogen availability, as well as greater subsoil loosening during placement. The number of plants after emergence for the experimental NP fertilizer placement depths varied from 7.237 to 8.201 plant m−2 during six years, with an average of 7.687 plant m−2. The 61.51% of variation in the total number of plants after emergence was explained by years differences, 23.21% by differences between NP fertilizer placement depths and 4.68% by NP fertilizer placement depths by years interaction. NP fertilizer placement depth 10 cm (A3) was the most stable (ASV = 1.361) in terms of the number of plants after emergence among the studied NP fertilizer placement depths. Assuming that the maize kernels are placed in the soil at a depth of approx. 5 cm, the fertilizer during starter fertilization should be placed 5 cm to the side and below the kernel. Deeper NP fertilizer application in maize cultivation is not recommended. The condition for the use of agriculture progress, represented by localized fertilization, is the simultaneous recognition of the aspects of yielding physiology of new maize varieties and the assessment of their reaction to deeper seed placement during sowing.

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Soybean and maize cultivation in South America: Environmental comparison of different cropping systems

Cleaner Environmental Systems ◽

10.1016/j.cesys.2021.100017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 100017

Author(s):

Michele Costantini ◽

Jacopo Bacenetti

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Maize Cultivation

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Bacterial inoculant-assisted phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil: Inoculant development and the inoculation effects

Biologia ◽

10.1007/s11756-021-00804-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yu Qing Song ◽

Shafinaz Shahir ◽

Fazilah Abd Manan

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Soil Inoculant ◽

Assisted Phytoremediation

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Predicting Shifts in Land Suitability for Maize Cultivation Worldwide Due to Climate Change: A Modeling Approach

Land ◽

10.3390/land10030295 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 295

Author(s):

Yuan Gao ◽

Anyu Zhang ◽

Yaojie Yue ◽

Jing’ai Wang ◽

Peng Su

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Crop Production ◽

Large Scale ◽

Land Suitability ◽

Large Scale Assessment ◽

Scale Assessment ◽

Maize Cultivation ◽

Large Scale Screening ◽

Selection Of

Suitable land is an important prerequisite for crop cultivation and, given the prospect of climate change, it is essential to assess such suitability to minimize crop production risks and to ensure food security. Although a variety of methods to assess the suitability are available, a comprehensive, objective, and large-scale screening of environmental variables that influence the results—and therefore their accuracy—of these methods has rarely been explored. An approach to the selection of such variables is proposed and the criteria established for large-scale assessment of land, based on big data, for its suitability to maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation as a case study. The predicted suitability matched the past distribution of maize with an overall accuracy of 79% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.72. The land suitability for maize is likely to decrease markedly at low latitudes and even at mid latitudes. The total area suitable for maize globally and in most major maize-producing countries will decrease, the decrease being particularly steep in those regions optimally suited for maize at present. Compared with earlier research, the method proposed in the present paper is simple yet objective, comprehensive, and reliable for large-scale assessment. The findings of the study highlight the necessity of adopting relevant strategies to cope with the adverse impacts of climate change.

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First record of a parasitoid, Megaselia (M) scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae) of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from India

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-021-00439-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sharanabasappa S. Deshmukh ◽

S. Kiran ◽

Atanu Naskar ◽

Palam Pradeep ◽

C. M. Kalleshwaraswamy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Outer Surface ◽

Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽

Fall Armyworm ◽

First Record ◽

Instar Larva ◽

Major Threat ◽

Megaselia Scalaris ◽

Maize Cultivation ◽

First Time ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has become a major threat in maize cultivation since its invasion to India in 2018. The humpbacked fly, Megaselia scalaris (Loew) (Diptera: Phoridae), was recorded as a laboratory parasitoid of FAW, for the first time in India. Initially, 30–40 maggots of M. (M) scalaris emerged out from the dead pre-pupa and pupa of laboratory-reared FAW. The fly laid up to 15 eggs on the outer surface of 6th instar larva or pre-pupa of the FAW. The incubation period was 1–2 days. The fly had 3 larval instars which lasted 3–4 days and a pupal period of 10–11 days. The adults survived for 6–7 days.

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Antiquity of Maize Cultivation in Ecuador: Summary and Reevaluation of the Evidence

American Antiquity ◽

10.2307/281650 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 324-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Deborah M. Pearsall ◽

Dolores R. Piperno

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Formative Period ◽

Variant Method ◽

Maize Cultivation

La Identification of maize phytoliths from the Preceramic Vegas and Formative period Real Alto sites, Guayas Province, Ecuador, has raised the issue of the antiquity of maize in Ecuador. This paper reviews how maize is identified using phytoliths and addresses criticisms of this technique. Our reexamination of the original Vegas and Real Alto samples using Piperno's three-dimensional variant method confirms the presence of maize in western Ecuador by at least 5000 B.C. Remains of charred maize from other sites suggest that more than one race was being utilized by the Formative period.

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A pilot project of area sampling frame for maize statistics: Indonesia’s experience1

Statistical Journal of the IAOS ◽

10.3233/sji-200743 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 997-1006

Author(s):

Octavia Rizky Prasetyo ◽

Kadir ◽

Ratna Rizki Amalia

Keyword(s):

Spatial Information ◽

Food Policy ◽

Pilot Project ◽

Critical Issue ◽

Sampling Frame ◽

Area Estimation ◽

Maize Cultivation ◽

Area Sampling ◽

Frame Construction ◽

Different Sources

A critical issue in the context of food policy in Indonesia is the accuracy of crops statistics, particularly rice and maize. In 2018, Statistics Indonesia (BPS), in collaboration with the Indonesian Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), successfully implemented the area sampling frame (ASF) method to improve the accuracy of paddy harvested area estimation, which previously was estimated by conventional methods, mainly by the human eye (‘eye-estimate’). The achievement has encouraged BPS to replicate the method to estimate the harvested area of maize, for which there were indications it suffered from overestimation. In 2019, BPS initiated a pilot project on the implementation of the ASF for maize. One of the most challenging aspects in replicating the ASF method for maize is the frame construction. This issue arises due to insufficient spatial information on land that is specifically dedicated to maize cultivation. To address this challenge, BPS constructed the frame by making use of different sources of spatial information. This paper provides a comprehensive look at the development of the ASF for maize statistics. The discussion in this paper covers two main issues, namely the methodology applied and the business process of data collection.

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Economic Analysis of Production of Maize in Meghalaya and Constraints Associated with it

Economic Affairs ◽

10.46852/0424-2513.3.2021.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Dipriya R. Lyngkhoi

Keyword(s):

Plant Protection ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Maize Production ◽

Net Return ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Average Return ◽

Maize Cultivation

The present study was undertaken to estimate the costs and returns structure of maize cultivation and identifying the prominent production constraints in West Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya. A sample of 60 farmers was randomly drawn from six villages of Mawthadraishan and Nongstoin block of the selected district. The costs and returns per hectare were calculated on the basis of cost concepts and Garett ranking method was used for employed for determination of constraints in maize production. The overall cost of cultivation was found to be ` 37185.22 per ha and the major cost components were manures (48.25%) and human labour (34.73%). The overall net return was evaluated at ` 19038.20 with small, medium and large farmers having similar returns with the exception of marginal farmers gaining a net return of only ` 13889.83 which was 27.04 per cent lower than the average return among the sample farmers. It may be attributed to their heavy dependence on labour and lack of investment on irrigation, plant protection and better-quality seeds. The realised average yield was found to be 23.65 q/ha which was abysmally low compared to other maize producing states of India. A positive trend between the return over cost ratio and the operational holding was observed with an average of 1.51. The prominent constraints as perceived by the farmers were unfavorable weather conditions, the incidence of pests and diseases and costly fertilizers and manures with the Garrett’s score of 64.70, 62.75 and 54.40 respectively

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