Orthogonal array design for optimization of phenyllactic acid–sodium alginate blend coating and its effect on the browning and quality of minimally processed lily bulbs

Background: A better understanding of the biopharmaceutical and physicochemical properties of drugs and the pharmaco-technical factors would be of great help for developing pharmaceutical products. But, it is extremely difficult to study the effect of each variable and interaction among them through the conventional approach Objective: To screen the most influential factors affecting the particle size (PS) of lipid nanoparticle (LNPs) (solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)) for poorly water-soluble BCS class-II drug like tamoxifen (TMX) to improve its oral bioavailability and to reduce its toxicity to tolerable limits using Taguchi (L12 (2 11)) orthogonal array design by applying computer optimization technique. Results: The size of all LNPs formulations prepared as per the experimental design varied between 172 nm and 3880 μm, polydispersity index between 0.033 and 1.00, encapsulation efficiency between 70.8% and 75.7%, and drug loading between 5.84% and 9.68%. The study showed spherical and non-spherical as well as aggregated and non-aggregated LNPs. Besides, it showed no interaction and amorphous form of the drug in LNPs formulation. The Blank NLCs exhibited no cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells as compared to TMX solution, SLNs (F5) and NLCs (F12) suggests that the cause of cell death is primarily from the effect of TMX present in NLCs. Conclusions: The screening study clearly showed the importance of different individual factors significant effect for the LNPs formulation development and its overall performance in an in-vitro study with minimum experimentation thus saving considerable time, efforts, and resources for further in-depth study.

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Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephalae

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.60 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 549 ◽

pp. 60-64

Author(s):

Zhen Huang ◽

Xiao Han Shi ◽

Shao Fang Liu ◽

Wei Juan Jiang

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Orthogonal Array ◽

Time Pressure ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Time Varying ◽

Orthogonal Array Design ◽

Array Design ◽

Different Sources

An orthogonal array design was employed for optimizing the supercritical CO2 extraction of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae. The extraction was performed at temperature from 40 to 60oC, pressure from 15 to 35MPa, extraction time varying from 30 to 90min and particle size spanning from 20 to 80 mesh. The results reflect that the extraction yield is more significantly influenced by the extraction time, pressure and particle size but less by temperature. The experiments show that the extraction yield obviously increases with increasing pressure, different from the literatures. In terms of the sample origin, a comparison shows that outstanding differences exist among the extraction yields from different sources.

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Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Pyrrolidine Alkaloid from Leaves of Piper amalago L.

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2017/7401748 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

V. S. Carrara ◽

L. C. Filho ◽

V. A. S. Garcia ◽

V. S. Faiões ◽

E. F. Cunha-Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽

Supercritical Fluid ◽

Orthogonal Array ◽

Design Matrix ◽

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction ◽

Orthogonal Array Design ◽

Fluid Extraction ◽

Array Design ◽

Carbon Dioxide Extraction

Supercritical fluid extraction was used to extract the alkaloid N-[7-(3′,4′-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2(Z),4(Z)-heptadienoyl]pyrrolidine from leaves of Piper amalago L. A three-level orthogonal array design matrix, OAD OA9(34), was used for optimization of the parameters of supercritical extraction of the alkaloid, employing supercritical carbon dioxide: extraction time (20, 40, and 60 min), temperature (40, 50, and 60°C), pressure (150, 200, and 250 bar), and the use of cosolvents (ethanol, methanol, and propyleneglycol). All parameters had significant effect on the alkaloid yield. The alkaloid yield after 60 min of extraction without cosolvents at 9 different conditions (32) in terms of temperature (40, 50, and 60°C) and pressure (150, 200, and 250 bar) was also evaluated. The optimal yield (≈3.8 mg g−1) was obtained with supercritical CO2 + methanol (5% v : v) at 40°C and 200 bar for 60 min of extraction.

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