Intimate relationships among returning soldiers: The mediating and moderating roles of negative emotionality, PTSD symptoms, and alcohol problems

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Meis ◽  
Christopher R. Erbes ◽  
Melissa A. Polusny ◽  
Jill S. Compton
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms

Are Gender Differences in DSM-5 PTSD Symptomatology Explained by Sexual Trauma?

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 4713-4740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Guina ◽  
Ramzi W. Nahhas ◽  
Kevin Kawalec ◽  
Seth Farnsworth
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Trauma ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trauma Type ◽  
Significant Symptom

Although many studies have assessed gender differences in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence, few examine individual PTSD symptoms (PTSSs). Hypothesizing that trauma differences explain many gender differences in symptomatology, this is the first known study to adjust PTSSs for trauma type, and to compare gender differences in those with sexual traumas. Using a cross-sectional survey methodology in a sample of adult outpatients ( n = 775), we examined gender, trauma type, PTSSs, suicide, alcohol, and tobacco. Among those with trauma ( n = 483), women generally had more severe symptoms than men, but after adjusting for trauma type, only physical reactivity ( p = .0002), excessive startle ( p = .0005), external avoidance ( p = .0007), internal avoidance ( p = .0008), psychological reactivity ( p = .0009), and suicide attempts ( p = .001) remained significantly worse among women, whereas men more commonly reported alcohol problems ( p = .007). Among those with PTSD ( n = 164), there were no significant PTSS gender differences. Those with sexual trauma had worse symptoms (particularly amnesia) compared with non-sexual trauma ( p < .0001 for PTSD diagnosis and total severity), including within each gender. Among those with sexual trauma ( n = 157), men had worse recklessness ( p = .004) and more commonly reported tobacco ( p = .02), whereas women more commonly attempted suicide ( p = .02) and had worse avoidance ( p = .04). However, when isolating the effects of sexual trauma beyond other traumas, there were no significant symptom difference-in-differences between genders. Our findings suggest that, while women have higher PTSD rates, men with PTSD present similarly. In addition, while women have higher sexual trauma rates, men may have similarly severe responses. Most gender differences in PTSD presentation appear to be explained by trauma type, particularly women having higher rates of sexual trauma. We discuss potential biopsychosocial explanations.

Stress reactivity in war-exposed young children with and without posttraumatic stress disorder: Relations to maternal stress hormones, parenting, and child emotionality and regulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 943-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Feldman ◽  
Adva Vengrober ◽  
Moranne Eidelman-Rothman ◽  
Orna Zagoory-Sharon
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Child Ptsd

AbstractThe current study examined biomarkers of stress in war-exposed young children and addressed maternal and child factors that may correlate with children's stress response. Participants were 232 Israeli children aged 1.5–5 years, including 148 children exposed to continuous war. Similarly, 56 were diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and 92 were defined as exposed-no-PTSD. Child cortisol (CT) and salivary alpha amylase (sAA), biomarkers of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal and sympathetic–adrenal–medullary arms of the stress response, were measured at baseline, following challenge, and at recovery. Maternal CT and sAA, PTSD symptoms, and reciprocal parenting, and child negative emotionality and regulatory strategies were assessed. Differences between war-exposed children and controls emerged, but these were related to child PTSD status. Children with PTSD exhibited consistently low CT and sAA, exposed-no-PTSD displayed consistently high CT and sAA, and controls showed increase in CT following challenge and decrease at recovery and low sAA. Exposed children showed higher negative emotionality; however, whereas exposed-no-PTSD children employed comfort-seeking strategies, children with PTSD used withdrawal. Predictors of child CT included maternal CT, PTSD symptoms, low reciprocity, and negative emotionality. Findings suggest that high physiological arousal combined with approach strategies may be associated with greater resilience in the context of early trauma.

Mindfulness is associated with fewer PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, physical symptoms, and alcohol problems in urban firefighters.

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Smith ◽  
J. Alexis Ortiz ◽  
Laurie E. Steffen ◽  
Erin M. Tooley ◽  
Kathryn T. Wiggins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms

PTSD Symptoms and Alcohol Problems Among OEF/OIF Veterans: An Experience Sampling Study

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raluca M. Gaher ◽  
Jeffrey S. Simons ◽  
Jerome Buchkoski ◽  
Nicole L. Hofman ◽  
Ashley Arens Batien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms

Examining the Link Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Dating Aggression Perpetration

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey T. Taft ◽  
Jeremiah Schumm ◽  
Robert J. Orazem ◽  
Laura Meis ◽  
Lavinia A. Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Dating Aggression ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms

This study examined the role of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms with respect to dating aggression perpetration among a sample of 199 undergraduates. Almost one-third of the overall sample reported physical dating aggression perpetration in the past year, and approximately 80% reported engaging in psychological dating aggression. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses indicated that the effects of trauma exposure on dating aggression were fully indirect via PTSD symptoms. PTSD symptoms were associated with psychological dating aggression in part through its association with anger, and alcohol problems were also directly related to this outcome. Results generalize findings from other populations suggesting the salience of trauma and PTSD symptoms in intimate relationship aggression and point to possible etiological pathways for these associations.

Zusammenhang zwischen sportlicher Aktivität und alkoholbezo- genen Störungen bei Studierenden

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Arne Göring ◽  
Malte Jetzke ◽  
Sabrina Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Alkoholbezogene Störungen

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund und Ziel: Gegenüber dem Bevölkerungsdurchschnitt liegen die Prävalenzraten alkoholbezogener Störungen von Studierenden deutlich über dem Durchschnitt der nichtstudentischen Bevölkerung. Bislang existieren in Deutschland keine Studien zur Frage, welchen Einfluss sportliche Aktivitäten auf die Ausprägung alkoholbezogener Störungen bei Studierenden besitzen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht diesen Zusammenhang bei Studierenden einer deutschen Volluniversität. Methodik: Im Rahmen einer repräsentativen Onlinestudie wurden 1383 Studierende einer deutschen Universität zu ihrem Alkoholkonsum, den damit verbundenen sozialen Folgen und ihren sportlichen Aktivitäten befragt. Als Instrument kam der 27 Items umfassende Young Adult Alcohol Problems Screening Test sowie ein Erhebungsverfahren zur Erfassung der habituellen sportlichen Aktivität zum Einsatz. Ergebnisse: Studierende, die regelmäßig und intensiv sportlich aktiv sind, weisen eine höhere Screeningrate für alkoholbezogene Störungen auf als Studierende, die gar nicht oder nur unregelmäßig aktiv sind. Dieser Zusammenhang gilt insbesondere für Mannschaftssportarten, aber auch für Fitnessaktivitäten. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse der Studie bestätigen amerikanische Forschungsbeiträge, die sportliche Aktivitäten bei Studierenden als einen Treiber für den Alkoholkonsum identifizieren. Sportorganisationen im Umfeld von Hochschulen sollten in der Alkoholprävention an Hochschulen zukünftig eine größere Berücksichtigung finden.

Effects of Attachment Styles on the Experience of Equity in Heterosexual Couples Relationships

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Grau ◽  
Jörg Doll
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Equity Ratio

Abstract. Employing one correlational and two experimental studies, this paper examines the influence of attachment styles (secure, anxious, avoidant) on a person’s experience of equity in intimate relationships. While one experimental study employed a priming technique to stimulate the different attachment styles, the other involved vignettes describing fictitious characters with typical attachment styles. As the specific hypotheses about the single equity components have been developed on the basis of the attachment theory, the equity ratio itself and the four equity components (own outcome, own input, partner’s outcome, partner’s input) are analyzed as dependent variables. While partners with a secure attachment style tend to describe their relationship as equitable (i.e., they give and take extensively), partners who feel anxious about their relationship generally see themselves as being in an inequitable, disadvantaged position (i.e., they receive little from their partner). The hypothesis that avoidant partners would feel advantaged as they were less committed was only supported by the correlational study. Against expectations, the results of both experiments indicate that avoidant partners generally see themselves (or see avoidant vignettes) as being treated equitably, but that there is less emotional exchange than is the case with secure partners. Avoidant partners give and take less than secure ones.

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