Carotid Flow Time Test Performance for the Detection of Dehydration in Children With Diarrhea

AbstractGranules come from small particles which then become single larger particles to form a lump. The binder in the granules is used to ensure the incorporation of the powder particles in the granules. Manihot starch is a natural binder and polyvinylpyrrolidone is a synthetic binder, because manihot starch has poor flow properties, it is necessary to modify it by pregelatination. The purpose of this study was to determinethe characterization of the physycal properties of granules with a natural binder of pregelatinized starch manihot and and synthetic polyvinylpyrrolidone on the physical properties of the granules. Variations in the concentration of pregelatinated starch manihot were 3% and 5% respectively. The granulation process is carried out by mixing all materials that have easy flowing properties. The resulting granules were evaluated for their physical properties and then the data were analyzed using SPSS with the One Way ANOVA method with a 95% confidence level. The results of the organoleptic test are white granules but on F1 and F2 there are brown spots then round shape and characteristic odor, the flow time meets the requirements of 10 g/second, the angle of repose test meets the requirements <30˚, compressibility meets the requirements <15%. The results of statistical analysis showed a significant difference (sig <0,05) in the flow time test. The optimum concentration of pregelatiansi manihot starch is 5% (F2) and polyvinylpyrrolidone 5% (F4). The Suggest for further researchers can use other natural excipients and make modifications to improve the physical characteristics of the granules. Keyword: Amylum Manihot; granules;polivinilpirolidon; pragelatination AbstrakGranul berasal dari partikel-partikel yang berukuran kecil kemudiam menjadi partikel tunggal yang lebih besar membentuk suatu gumpalan. Bahan pengikat pada granul digunakan untuk menjamin penyatuan partikel serbuk dalam granul. Amilum manihot merupakan pengikat bahan alami dan polivinilpirolidon merupakan pengikat bahan sintetis, dikarenakan amilum manihot memiliki sifat alir yang kurang baik maka perlu dilakukan modifikasi dengan pragelatinasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakterisasi sifat fisik granul dengan bahan pengikat alami amilum manihotpragelatinasi dan bahan sintetis polivinilpirolidon. Variasi konsentrasi bahan pengikat masing-masing adalah 3% dan 5%. Proses granulasi dilakukan dengan mencampurkan seluruh bahan yang memiliki sifat mudah mengalir. Granul yang dihasilkan di evaluasi sifat fisiknya kemudian data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS dengan metode One Way ANOVA dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil uji organoleptisgranulbewarna putih namun pada F1 dan F2 terdapat bintik coklat kemudian bentuk bulat dan bau khas, waktu alir memenuhi syarat ≤10 g/detik, uji sudut diam memenuhi syarat <30˚, kompresibilitas memenuhi syarat <15%. Hasil analisis statistik terdapat perbedaan bermakna (sig < 0,05) pada uji waktu alir.Konsentrasi optimum bahan pengikat amylummanihotpragelatiansi 5% (F2) dan polivinilpirolidon 5% (F4). Saran untuk peneliti selanjutnya dapat digunakan bahan eksipien alami yang lainnya dan dilakukan modifikasi untuk meningkatkan karakteristik sifat fisik granul. Kata kunci: Amilum Manihot; granul;polivinilpirolidon; pragelatinasi

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Mesial temporal seizures may enhance complex reaction time test performance

Epilepsy & Behavior ◽

10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.07.028 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 490-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ivan Osorio

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Test Performance ◽

Complex Reaction ◽

Time Test ◽

Reaction Time Test

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Carotid Flow Time Changes With Volume Status in Acute Blood Loss

Annals of Emergency Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.04.014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 277-282.e1 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

David C. Mackenzie ◽

Noman A. Khan ◽

David Blehar ◽

Scott Glazier ◽

Yuchiao Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Loss ◽

Flow Time ◽

Volume Status ◽

Acute Blood Loss ◽

Time Changes ◽

Carotid Flow

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Sonographic Assessment of the Effects of Mechanical Ventilation on Carotid Flow Time and Volume

Cureus ◽

10.7759/cureus.20587 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jessica I Schleifer ◽

Lauren Ann J Selame ◽

Jorge Short Apellaniz ◽

Michael Loesche ◽

Hamid Shokoohi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Flow Time ◽

Sonographic Assessment ◽

Carotid Flow

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Comparing Changes in Carotid Flow Time and Stroke Volume Induced by Passive Leg Raising

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.amjms.2017.09.006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 355 (2) ◽

pp. 168-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Bilal Jalil ◽

Patton Thompson ◽

Rodrigo Cavallazzi ◽

Paul Marik ◽

Jason Mann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stroke Volume ◽

Flow Time ◽

Passive Leg Raising ◽

Carotid Flow

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Changes in corrected carotid flow time induced by recruitment maneuver predict fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing general anesthesia

Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing ◽

10.1007/s10877-021-00736-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aya Kimura ◽

Koichi Suehiro ◽

Takashi Juri ◽

Katsuaki Tanaka ◽

Takashi Mori

Keyword(s):

General Anesthesia ◽

Fluid Responsiveness ◽

Recruitment Maneuver ◽

Flow Time ◽

Predict Fluid Responsiveness ◽

Carotid Flow

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Formulation and evaluation of Kirinyuh Leaf effervescent granules (Chromolaena Odorata. L) as an antioxidant

Pharmacy Education ◽

10.46542/pe.2021.212.123125 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 123-125

Author(s):

Firman Gustaman ◽

Keni Idacahyati ◽

Winda Trisna Wulandari

Keyword(s):

Bitter Taste ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Flow Time ◽

Wet Granulation ◽

Test Results ◽

Chromolaena Odorata ◽

Organoleptic Test ◽

Time Test ◽

Test Flow ◽

Grown Plant

Introduction: Kirinyuh leaf is a widely grown plant in Indonesia, containing alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids. Flavonoids are compounds that can capture free radicals or act as natural antioxidants. Effervescent granules can mask the bitter taste and simplify the dissolving process without involving manual stirring. Objective: The purpose of this study was to make and evaluate a formulation of effervescent granules of Kirinyuh leaf extract. Methods: The granule method was carried out by the wet granulation method. Granule evaluation included organoleptic test, water content test, dissolve time test, flow time test, pH test, and hedonic test. Results: Organoleptic test results showed similar granule size, slightly brownish colour, and characteristics of Kirinyuh leaf odour. When examining their quality, the granules produced met the requirements, with moisture content between 0.4% and 0.7%, dissolving time of 30-35 seconds, flow time test of 8-8.5 g/second, and pH of 5.6-5.8; the results of the hedonic test showed that the effervescent granule preparation was much preferred.

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