Kolaviron, a Biflavonoid Compound: Pharmacological activity and Therapeutic Efficacy

The use of herbal remedies for medicinal purposes is becoming more popular around the world. As a result, plants have become viable treatment options for a variety of diseases. Garcinia kola (bitter kola) is a perennially grown plant in the Guttiferae family that has been evaluated and reported to have numerous health-promoting properties. Kolaviron is a biflavanoid and major phytochemical found in Garcinia kola that includes Garcinia Biflavanoid-1 (GB-1), kolaflavanone, and Garcinia Biflavanoid-2 (GB-2). It is obtained as a fraction extracted from Garcinia kola. Kolaviron's pharmacological properties include anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, ameliorative, anti-asthmatic, anti-cancer, anti-malarial, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-atherogenic, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, and anti-amnesic properties. Kolaviron is recommended for use in clinical settings because it has been shown to have a high therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to assess the therapeutic efficacy of kolaviron.

AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND GRAIN YIELD OF SORGHUM AND MAIZE HYBRIDS GROWN WITH DIFFERENT SOWING TIMES1

ABSTRACT Sorghum is a commonly grown plant in the Central-West region of Brazil as a second crop; however, it is grown almost exclusively as a second crop after maize in the state of Paraná (South region). The growth of sorghum crops is an option for areas or times in which the growth of maize crops can be risky. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of eight sorghum hybrids (ADV-123, ADV-114, 1G100, 50A10, 1G244, 50A40, 50A50, and 1G282) grown in three sowing times in two agricultural years: 2014 (February 20, March 02, and March 03) and 2015 (February 09, February 19, and March 01), and four maize hybrids in 2014 (DKB-330-Pro, P-3431-HX, Formula-TL, and AG-9010-Pro) and five maize hybrids in 2015 (DKB-330-Pro, P-3431-HX, Formula-TL, DKB-275-Pro, and DKB-290-Pro), in the same sowing times used for sorghum. A randomized complete block experimental design with a split-plot factorial arrangement was used, with the sowing times in the plots and the hybrids in the sub-plots. The variables evaluated were: number of days from sowing to flowering, leaf area index, 1,000-grain weight, grain yield, number of spikelets per panicle, for the sorghum crop; and number of rows per ear and number of grains per row, for the maize crop. The comparison between the two crops showed that the sorghum maintained higher production stability in the different sowing times.

Can yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea) be useful in protection against foodborne mutagens and food contaminants?

Gentiana lutea is a wellknown and respected medicinal plant that is used in many pharmacopoeias, mainly against different gastrointestinal disorders. The plant is under protection regimes in its natural habitats and for that reason is grown on plantations. In addition, it could be cultivated in vitro. The plants grown on plantation and in in vitro conditions were used to prepare methanolic and 50% ethanolic extracts of root and leaf/shoot, which were tested for antigenotoxic and antibacterial properties, against foodborne mutagens (heterocyclic aromatic amines PhIP and IQ) and food contaminants, respectively. The results obtained pointed out the excellent genoprotective effect (up to 78% inhibition of PhIP/IQ genotoxicity) based mostly on the antioxidative potential. The antibacterial effect was mainly weak; only the extracts of in vitro grown plant induced moderate activity against Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus (MICs ranged 0.15-5 mg/ml). In addition, the extracts’ potential to prevent biofilm formation by L. monocytogenes was very high (up to 90% inhibition). Taken together, the results obtained encourage further research that would be directed to the formulation of potent antigenotoxic and antibiofilm agents based on G. lutea.

An internet of things secosystem for planting of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)

<p>The internet of things (IoT) is a network of physical devices and is becoming a major area of innovation for computer-based systems. Agriculture is one of the areas which could be improved by utilizing this technology ranging from farming techniques to production efficiency. The objective of this research is to design an IoT to monitor local vegetable (Coriander; <em>Coriandrum sativum</em> L.) growth via sensors (light, humidity, temperature, water level) and combine with an automated watering system. This would provide planters with the ability to monitor field conditions from anywhere at any time. In this research, a group of local vegetables including coriander, cilantro, and dill weed were experimented. The prototype system consists of several smart sensors to accurately monitor the mentioned vegetable growth from seedling stage to a fully grown plant which will ensure the highest production levels from any field environment. Three different types coriander were measured under these parameters: height, trunk width, and leaf width. The result showed that IoT ecosystem for planting different types of coriander could produce effective and efficient plant growth and ready for harvest with a shorter time than conventional method.</p>

Formulation and evaluation of Kirinyuh Leaf effervescent granules (Chromolaena Odorata. L) as an antioxidant

Introduction: Kirinyuh leaf is a widely grown plant in Indonesia, containing alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids. Flavonoids are compounds that can capture free radicals or act as natural antioxidants. Effervescent granules can mask the bitter taste and simplify the dissolving process without involving manual stirring. Objective: The purpose of this study was to make and evaluate a formulation of effervescent granules of Kirinyuh leaf extract. Methods: The granule method was carried out by the wet granulation method. Granule evaluation included organoleptic test, water content test, dissolve time test, flow time test, pH test, and hedonic test. Results: Organoleptic test results showed similar granule size, slightly brownish colour, and characteristics of Kirinyuh leaf odour. When examining their quality, the granules produced met the requirements, with moisture content between 0.4% and 0.7%, dissolving time of 30-35 seconds, flow time test of 8-8.5 g/second, and pH of 5.6-5.8; the results of the hedonic test showed that the effervescent granule preparation was much preferred.

Miticidal Evaluation of Different Non-Volatile Bioactive Compounds Extracted from Ferula Oopoda Against Apple Mites

The research was administered in order to spot the miticidal effect of wild grown plant namely Ferula oopoda against the mites that destroy the leaf tissue and also the colour of the fruit in trees. The theme was to get the herb’s (1) aerial, stem and root part about 1 kg and was soaked for about 7 days and then extract the oil by the help of vaccum rotary evaporator, the extracted oil is then allowed to stay for a day in HCl (0.2M), then the solution is filtered and then some charcoal is added to the filtrate and now, it is put on the Bunsen burner for a while, now the HCl extract is again filtered and basified by the addition of Sodium hydroxide (5M), the yellow colour is the indication of basification and now the ppts are collected that are formed over the filter paper, the ppts are dried and later on sprayed on the apple mites and their mortality rates are noted at exposure time of 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48h. It may be a new revolutionary technique that can be economical as well as environment friendly as the oil is only lethal for the target apple mites and doesn’t not harm human health.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOME PHENOLIC ACIDS OF IN VITRO AND IN VIVO GROWN PLANT LEAVES OF SALVIA HISPANICA

Several plant species could be produce bioactive compounds, which play a key role in protecting human health, Chia is one of these plant species which has been gaining growing popularity among the traditional medicine groups. In order to sustainably produce plant biomass and its phytochemical content. Numerous biotechnological approaches need to be employed, and elicitation has proven to be a very effective method for increased secondary metabolite production in various in vitro culture. The current research involves the application of various concentrations of SA as an elicitor with 2,4-D and BAP in callus cultures, and the main aim was to stimulate the accumulation of biomass and phytochemical contents. The results showed that the highest concentration of keamferol and gallic acid compounds in callus of S. hispanica were occurred in the treatment with 2 mgl-1 2,4-D and 2mgl-1 SA in the presence of 0.5mgl-1 BA.

Introducing Uncertainty Quantification to Techno-economic Models of Manufacturing Field-Grown Plant-Made Products

There is a growing demand for large market natural and biotechnological products, for example, consumer preferences drive plant-based meat alternatives, health risks of sugar overconsumption continue to motivate alternative sweeteners, and the COVID-19 pandemic has reinvigorated interest in countries developing in-house vaccine and medication production capabilities. The current paradigm of bioreactor-based biomanufacturing faces difficulties of scalability and a high entry barrier of capital intensity and workforce specialization. Field-grown plant-based manufacturing, as an inexpensive and readily scalable platform, is a promising strategy to meet this emerging demand. Despite some successes in field-grown bioproducts manufacturing by companies such as Ventria Biosciences, concerns of product variability have largely stymied growth in this area. Here we report on the development and use of techno-economic modeling coupled with Monte Carlo-based uncertainty quantification as an effective tool to quantify and mitigate the impact of crop variation on product quality and supply for field-grown plant-based manufacturing.