Evaluation of a new NS1 rapid diagnostic test using a single acute‐phase serum panel collected during the largest dengue outbreak in Taiwan history in 2015

Abstract Backgrounds : Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) is a imunologic methode to diagnose malaria. Mostly, Orang Rimba hunt nomadically. Orang Rimba have traditional medicine to cure malaria. The purposes of this research are to know the incident of malaria based on RDT and malaria treatment behaviour of Orang Rimba. Methode : This research was descriptive study. The populations of this research were Orang Rimba in Desa Bukit Suban and Sekamis, Kabupaten Sarolangun. The number of samples in this research is 49 respondents. The sample was taken by systematic random sampling. Data were analyzed with univariat analysis. Result : The result showed that 16,7 % had malaria positive, P. vivax was the dominat species of plasmodium (62,5%). Mostly the aged of respondent was 5-11 years old (41,7%), the gender was male (58,3%), occupation was doesn’t work (56,3%), marriage status was marriage (56,3%). Most of Orang Rimba had worse knowladge level (53,6%), the mostly used term in Orang Rimba was demam kuro (50%), only (42,9%) respondents knew the trias of malaria, only 9 respondents knew that cause of malaria was mosquito’s bites, Orang Rimba mostly knew the danger of malaria (85,7%) and the complication of malaria (89,3%), and knew that malaria could be cured (82,1%). The users of modern combined with traditional medicine were as much as 57,1%, Orang Rimba mostly used ≥ 3 kinds of traditional medicine 53,6%, traditional medicine was mostly processed by boiling (24 respondents) and mostly knew one way of processing the traditional medicine (57,1%), traditional medicine was mostly for being eaten or drunk and external medicine (50%), the duration of using traditional medicine was mostly 2-3 days (46,4%), Orang Rimba mostly said that traditional medicine was efficacious (92,9%). Conclusions : The incident number of malaria was 16,7% and the mostly users of modern combined with traditional medicine were as much as 57,1%. Keywords : Malaria, RDT, orang rimba, malaria treatment behaviour Abstrak Latar Belakang : Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) merupakan metoda imunologik untuk mendiagnosis malaria. Lokasi berburu Orang Rimba cenderung berpindah-pindah. Orang Rimba memiliki kearifan lokal dalam mengobati malaria. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui skrining malaria berdasarkan RDT dan perilaku pengobatan malaria pada Orang Rimba. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Populasi penelitian seluruh Orang Rimba yang berada di Desa Bukit Suban dan Sekamis. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 48 responden. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Systematic Random Sampling. Data dianalisis dengan analisis univariat. Hasil : Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan 16,7% positif malaria, jenis plasmodium yang dominan adalah P. vivax (62,5%). Sebagian besar responden berusia 5-11 tahun (41,7%), sebagian besar berjenis kelamin laki-laki (58,3%), sebagian besar pekerjaan responden tidak bekerja (56,3%), sebagian besar berstatus kawin (56,3%). Sebagian besar Orang Rimba memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kurang baik (53,6%), sebagian besar menggunakan istilah demam kuro untuk menyebutkan malaria (50%), hanya 42,9% yang mengetahui trias malaria, hanya 9 responden yang menjawab penyebab malaria adalah gigitan nyamuk, sebagian besar mengetahui bahaya malaria 85,7%, jenis bahaya malaria 89,3%, dan mengetahui bahwa malaria dapat disembuhkan 82,1%. Pengguna pengobatan modern dikombinasi dengan pengobatan tradisional sebanyak 57,1%, sebagian besar menggunakan ≥ 3 jenis obat tradisional (53,6%), cara pengolahan yang paling banyak dengan cara direbus (24 responden) dan mengetahui 1 cara pengolahan (57,1%), cara pemakaian yang paling banyak dengan dimakan atau diminum dan obat luar (50%), lama penggunaan yang paling banyak selama 2-3 hari (46,4%), sebagian besar mengatakan obat tradisional berkhasiat (92,9%). Kesimpulan : Angka kejadian malaria sebesar 16,7% dan upaya pengobatan malaria terbanyak adalah dengan pengobatan modern dikombinasi dengan pengobatan tradisional (57,1%). Kata Kunci : Malaria, RDT, orang rimba, perilaku pengobatan malaria

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Malaria rapid diagnostic test (HRP2/pLDH) positivity, incidence, care accessibility and impact of community WASH Action programme in DR Congo: mixed method study involving 625 households

Malaria Journal ◽

10.1186/s12936-021-03647-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nlandu Roger Ngatu ◽

Basilua Andre Muzembo ◽

Nattadech Choomplang ◽

Sakiko Kanbara ◽

Roger Wumba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Action Research ◽

Diagnostic Test ◽

Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽

Mixed Method ◽

Malaria Incidence ◽

Control Site ◽

Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Referral Hospitals ◽

Action Programme

Abstract Background Malaria is one of the most prevalent and deadliest illnesses in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite recent gains made towards its control, many African countries still have endemic malaria transmission. This study aimed to assess malaria burden at household level in Kongo central province, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and the impact of community participatory Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Action programme. Methods Mixed method research was conducted in two semi-rural towns, Mbanza-Ngungu (a WASH action site) and Kasangulu (a WASH control site) in DRC between 1 January 2017 through March 2018, involving 625 households (3,712 household members). Baseline and post-intervention malaria surveys were conducted with the use of World Bank/WHO Malaria Indicator Questionnaire. An action research consisting of a six-month study was carried out which comprised two interventions: a community participatory WASH action programme aiming at eliminating mosquito breeding areas in the residential environment and a community anti-malaria education campaign. The latter was implemented at both study sites. In addition, baseline and post-intervention malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) was performed among the respondents. Furthermore, a six-month hospital-based epidemiological study was conducted at selected referral hospitals at each site from 1 January through June 2017 to determine malaria trend. Results Long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLIN) was the most commonly used preventive measure (55%); 24% of households did not use any measures. Baseline malaria survey showed that 96% of respondents (heads of households) reported at least one episode occurring in the previous six months; of them only 66.5% received malaria care at a health setting. In the Action Research, mean incident household malaria cases decreased significantly at WASH action site (2.3 ± 2.2 cases vs. 1.2 ± 0.7 cases, respectively; p < 0.05), whereas it remained unchanged at the Control site. Similar findings were observed with RDT results. Data collected from referral hospitals showed high malaria incidence rate, 67.4%. Low household income (ORa = 2.37; 95%CI: 1.05–3.12; p < 0.05), proximity to high risk area for malaria (ORa = 5.13; 95%CI: 2–29-8.07; p < 0.001), poor WASH (ORa = 4.10; 95%CI: 2.11–7.08; p < 0.001) were predictors of household malaria. Conclusion This research showed high prevalence of positive malaria RDT among the responders and high household malaria incidence, which were reduced by a 6-month WASH intervention. DRC government should scale up malaria control strategy by integrating efficient indoor and outdoor preventive measures and improve malaria care accessibility.

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Malaria Diagnostics: A Comparative Study of Blood Microscopy, a Rapid Diagnostic Test and Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Diagnosis of Malaria

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics ◽

10.1093/tropej/fmr058 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 163-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

I. T. Runsewe-Abiodun ◽

M. Efunsile ◽

B. Ghebremedhin ◽

A. S. Sotimehin ◽

J. Ajewole ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Diagnostic Test ◽

Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Polymerase Chain

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Accuracy of rapid diagnostic test to diagnose malaria in children under 5 years of age, a meta-analysis

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease ◽

10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115351 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 115351

Author(s):

Junjun Hu ◽

Chenyang Zhang ◽

Song Wang ◽

Xiaofei Chen ◽

Jiayi Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Test ◽

Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Children Under 5

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Development and testing of a rapid diagnostic test for bubonic and pneumonic plague

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12270-2 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 361 (9353) ◽

pp. 211-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 141

Author(s):

Suzanne Chanteau ◽

Lila Rahalison ◽

Lalao Ralafiarisoa ◽

Jeanine Foulon ◽

Mahery Ratsitorahina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Test ◽

Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽

Pneumonic Plague

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Rabbit and rat C-reactive proteins bind apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins.

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.159.2.604 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 159 (2) ◽

pp. 604-616 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

I F Rowe ◽

A K Soutar ◽

I M Trayner ◽

M L Baltz ◽

F C de Beer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Phase ◽

Apolipoprotein B ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Plasma Lipoproteins ◽

Free Form ◽

Low Density ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Acute Phase Serum

Immobilized rabbit and rat C-reactive protein (CRP) were found to selectively bind apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins (low density lipoprotein, LDL and very low density lipoprotein, VLDL) from whole serum in a manner similar to that previously reported with human CRP. In acute phase human serum the CRP is in a free form, not complexed with lipoprotein or any other macromolecular ligand, and in acute phase serum from most rabbits fed on a normal diet the rabbit CRP was also free. However, in acute phase serum or heparinized plasma from hypercholesterolemic rabbits part or all of the CRP was found by gel filtration and immunoelectrophoretic techniques to be complexed with beta-VLDL, an abnormal apoB-containing plasma lipoprotein present in these animals. The presence of extent in different serum samples of CRP complexed with lipoprotein correlated closely with the serum apoB concentration. The formation of complexes between native, unaggregated rabbit CRP in solution and apoB-containing lipoproteins was readily demonstrable experimentally both with the isolated proteins and in whole serum. In all cases these interactions were calcium-dependent and inhibitable by free phosphoryl choline. The present findings extend earlier work in man and the rabbit and indicate that among the C-reactive proteins from different species, which are structurally highly conserved, the capacity for selective binding to apoB-containing plasma lipoproteins is also a constant feature. These interactions may therefore be related to the in vivo function of CRP in all species and this function may in turn be relevant to pathological conditions, such as atherosclerosis, in which lipoproteins are important.

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