Relationship Between Total Body Protein and Cross‐Sectional Skeletal Muscle Area in Liver Cirrhosis Is Influenced by Overhydration

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron I. Wells ◽  
John L. McCall ◽  
Lindsay D. Plank
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Area

Abnormal body composition in patients with adrenal adenomas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danae Delivanis ◽  
Maria Daniela Hurtado Andrade ◽  
Tiffany Cortes ◽  
Shobana Athimulam ◽  
Aakanksha Khanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Cushing Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Area

Objective: Increased visceral fat and sarcopenia are cardiovascular risk factors that may explain increased cardiovascular morbidity and frailty in patients with adrenal adenomas. Our objective was to compare body composition measurement of patients with adrenal adenomas to referent subjects without adrenal disease Design: Cross-sectional study, 2014-2018 Methods: Participants were adults with nonfunctioning adrenal tumor (NFAT), mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) and Cushing syndrome (CS), and age, sex and body mass index 1:1 matched referent subjects without adrenal disorders. Main outcome measures were body composition measurements calculated from abdominal computed tomography imaging. Intraabdominal adipose tissue and muscle mass measurements were performed at the 3rd lumbar spine level. Results: Of 227 patients with adrenal adenomas, 20 were diagnosed with CS, 76 with MACS and 131 with NFAT. Median age was 56 years (range, 18-89), and 67% were women. When compared to referent subjects, patients with CS, MACS, and NFAT demonstrated a higher visceral fat (odds ratio (OR) of 2.2 [95% CI 0.9-6.5], 2.0 [1.3-3.2], and 1.8 [1.2-2.7] and a lower skeletal muscle area (OR of 0.01 [95% CI 0-0.09], 0.31 [0.18-0.49], and 0.3 [1.2-2.7]), respectively. For every 1 mcg/dL cortisol increase after overnight dexamethasone, visceral fat/muscle area ratio increased by 2.3 (P=0.02) and mean total skeletal muscle area decreased by 2.2cm2 (P=0.03). Conclusion: Patients with adrenal adenomas demonstrate a lower muscle mass and a higher proportion of visceral fat when compared to referent subjects, including patients with NFAT. Even a subtle abnormality in cortisol secretion may impact health of patients with adenomas.

Clinical impact of skeletal muscle area in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with anti-PD-1 inhibitors

2020 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 1217-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Takada ◽  
Yasuto Yoneshima ◽  
Kentaro Tanaka ◽  
Isamu Okamoto ◽  
Mototsugu Shimokawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Area

scholarly journals Prediction of the <i>in vivo</i> Body Composition of Pigs Based on Cross- Sectional Region Analysis of Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Scans

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-545
Author(s):  
A. D. Mitchell ◽  
A. Scholz ◽  
V. Pursel
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Dxa Scans

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a cross-sectional scan as an alternative to the total body DXA scan for predicting the body composition of pigs in vivo. A total of 212 pigs (56 to 138 kg live body weight) were scanned by DXA. The DXA scans were analyzed for percentage fat and lean in the total body and in 14 cross-sections (57.6 mm wide): 5 in the front leg/thoracic region, 4 in the abdominal region, and 5 in the back leg region. Regression analysis was used to compare total body and cross-sectional DXA results and chemical analysis of total body fat, protein and water. The relation (R2) between the percentage fat in individual slices and the percentage of total body fat measured by DXA ranged from 0.78 to 0.97 and by chemical analysis from 0.71 to 0.85, respectively. The relation between the percentage of lean in the individual slices and chemical analysis for percentage of total body protein and water ranged from 0.48 to 0.60 and 0.56 to 0.76, respectively. These results indicate that total body composition of the pig can be predicted (accurately) by performing a time-saving single-pass cross-sectional scan.

scholarly journals Establishment and validation of pre-therapy cervical vertebrae muscle quantification as a prognostic marker of sarcopenia in head and neck patients receiving definitive cancer surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brennan Olson ◽  
Jared Edwards ◽  
Catherine Degnin ◽  
Nicole Santucci ◽  
Michelle Buncke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Muscle Cross Sectional Area

Importance: Sarcopenia, or diminished skeletal muscle mass, is prognostic for survival in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). However, identification of this high-risk feature remains challenging for patients without computed tomography (CT) images that capture the abdomen or lower thorax. Objectives: To (1) define sarcopenia thresholds at the C3 vertebral level using previously established thresholds derived from abdominal CT imaging and (2) determine if C3-defined sarcopenia is associated with survival in patients with HNC. Design, setting, and participants: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in consecutive patients with a squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with cross-sectional abdominal or neck imaging within 60 days prior to treatment and treated between January 2005 and December 2017. Data analysis was completed from December 2018 to April 2021. Exposures: Measurement of the cross-sectional muscle area at the third lumbar and cervical vertebral levels using CT imaging. Main outcomes and measures: Primary study outcome was overall survival. Results: In a cohort of 253 HNC patients with CT imaging that captures both L3 and C3 vertebral levels, skeletal muscle cross-sectional area at C3 was strongly correlated with the L3 level in both men (n = 188; r = 0.77; p < 0.001) and women (n = 65; r = 0.80; p < 0.001), and C3-defined sarcopenia thresholds of 14.0 cm2/m2 (men) and 11.1 cm2/m2 (women) were best predictive of previously established L3-defined sarcopenia thresholds. Applying these defined C3 sarcopenia thresholds in a cohort of 536 HNC patients with neck imaging alone revealed that C3-defined sarcopenia was independently associated with reduced overall survival in men (HR = 2.63; 95% CI, 1.79, 3.85) but not women (HR = 1.18, 95% CI, 0.76, 1.85) with HNC. Conclusions and relevance: This study identifies sarcopenia thresholds at the C3 level that best predict L3-defined sarcopenia in both men and women. In HNC, C3-defined sarcopenia is associated with poor survival outcomes in men, but not women, suggesting sarcopenia may differentially affect men and women with HNC.

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