Dissolution and homogeneous graft copolymerization of cellulose were performed in an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) with L-lactide. The best synthetic condition of the cellulose-graft-poly (L-) (cellulose-g-PLLA) was that cellulose 0.6g, L-lactide 5.34g and 4-dimethylaminopyri lactide dine (DMAP) as an organic catalyst 0.69g reacted for 12 hours at 80°C. The synthesized AmimCl and cellulose graft copolymers were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, GPC, TG and WAXD. The results indicated that AmimCl dissolved cellulose directly by destroying intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in cellulose and the grafting rate of the polymer reached 4.44, which was higher than that reported in AmimCl with Sn(oct)2 as a catalyst.