Education, human error, and road crash risk: An empirical investigation in the Indian states

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi Prasad Dash ◽  
Narayan Sethi ◽  
Aruna Kumar Dash
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Road Crash

scholarly journals Driving Anger, Aberrant Driving Behaviors, and Road Crash Risk: Testing of a Mediated Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingru Zhang ◽  
Alan H.S. Chan ◽  
Hongjun Xue ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhang ◽  
Da Tao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Driving Anger ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Road Crash

With the dramatic increase in motorization, road traffic crashes have become the leading cause of death in China. To reduce the losses associated with road safety problems, it is important to understand the risk factors contributing to the high crash rate among Chinese drivers. This study investigated how driving anger and aberrant driving behaviors are related to crash risk by proposing and testing one mediated model. In this model, the effects of driving anger on road crash risk were mediated by aberrant driving behaviors. However, unlike previous studies, instead of using the overall scale scores, the subscales of driving anger and aberrant driving behaviors were used to establish the mediated model in this study. To test the validity of this model, an Internet-based questionnaire, which included various measures of driving anger, aberrant driving, and road crash history, was completed by a sample of 1974 Chinese drivers. The results showed that the model fitted the data very well and aberrant driving behaviors fully mediated the effects of driving anger on road crash risk. Findings from the present study are useful for the development of countermeasures to reduce road traffic crashes in China.

Road crash risk after Whiplash Associated Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vic Siskind ◽  
Mary Sheehan ◽  
Andry Rakotonirainy ◽  
Wendell Cockshaw
Keyword(s):  
Crash Risk ◽  
Road Crash ◽  
Whiplash Associated Disorder

scholarly journals Track Behavior and Crash Risk Analysis of Passenger Cars on Hairpin Curves of Two-Lane Mountain Roads

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Zhigang Yu ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Xiaobo Zhang ◽  
Jin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Crash Risk ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dangerous Driving ◽  
Road Crash ◽  
Driving Conditions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cutting Point ◽  
Right Turns

Hairpin curves are often employed in alignment layout and an important feature that identifies dangerous driving conditions for mountain roads. However, driving behaviors at hairpin curves remain ambiguous. Field driving tests were conducted in this study on one two-lane mountain road with 11 hairpin curves. Vehicle-mounted equipment was utilized to collect track and lateral distance between the wheels and the lane markings under naturally driving conditions. Track morphology and patterns, risks, and road crash mechanisms were analyzed. The main findings are as follows. Curve cutting was a typical method for negotiating hairpin curves, was observed for left and right turns, and can be classified into three types based on the location of the cutting point, namely, cutting at curve entry, cutting at curve middle, and cutting at curve exit. Based on the lateral positional relationships between tracks and lane markings, six track patterns are determined for left turns and four track patterns for right turns. When passing a right turn by cutting the curve, a driver occupied the right shoulder of the turn; therefore, there is a risk of colliding with the mountain or the guardrail. When making a left turn into hairpin curves, a driver occupied the right shoulder on curve exit, resulting in running off the road or colliding with the guardrail. More than 70% and 60% of drivers occupied the opposite lane when turning right and turning left, respectively, into a hairpin turn, which led to intertwining between the tracks in the two driving directions and therefore a risk of potential collisions.

scholarly journals Explaining the Association between Driver’s Age and the Risk of Causing a Road Crash through Mediation Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9041
Author(s):  
Karoline Gomes-Franco ◽  
Mario Rivera-Izquierdo ◽  
Luis Miguel Martín-delosReyes ◽  
Eladio Jiménez-Mejías ◽  
Virginia Martínez-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Direct Path ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Road Crash

It has been widely reported that younger and older drivers have an excess risk of causing a road crash. Two casual hypotheses may coexist: the riskier driving behaviors and age-related mechanisms in extreme age groups (direct path) and the different environmental and vehicle circumstances (indirect path). Our aim was to quantify, through a mediation analysis, the percentage contribution of both paths. A case-control study was designed from the Spanish Register of Road Crashes with victims from 2014 to 2017. Assuming a quasi-induced exposure approach, controls were non-responsible drivers involved in clean collisions between two or more vehicles (n = 52,131). Responsible drivers for these collisions plus drivers involved in single crashes constituted the case group (n = 82,071). A logit model in which the outcome was the log (odds) of causing a road crash and the exposure was age groups was adjusted for driver, vehicle and environmental factors. The highest crash risk was observed in extreme age groups, compared to the 35–44 year old age group: the youngest (18–24 years old, odds ratio = 2.14, 95% confidence interval: 2.06–2.24) and the oldest drivers (>74 years old, odds ratio = 3.30, 95% confidence interval: 3.04–2.58). The mediation analysis identified the direct path as the main explanatory mechanism for these increases: 89% in the youngest and 93% in the oldest drivers. These data support the hypothesis that the excess crash risk observed for younger and older drivers is mainly related to their higher frequency of risky driving behaviors and age-related loss of capabilities. Preventive strategies in extreme-aged drivers should focus on decreasing these behaviors.

scholarly journals Analysis of Human Error as a Factor in Road Crash in Metro Manila (2005-2015)

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Francesca D. Lu ◽  
Jinky Leilanie Lu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
Metro Manila ◽  
Road Crash ◽  
Adjusted Residual

Introduction. In the Philippines, data on road traffic injuries show that road injury is the 11th leading cause of premature deaths in the Philippines. The World Health Organization estimates that 1.24 million die globally due to road traffic crashes. Objectives. This study aimed to show the trend of the road crash situation in Metro Manila, Philippines, over eleven years (2005–2015) and to analyze human error and other associated hazard factors for road crashes. Methods. This study is a secondary analysis of an 11-year database culled from 2005–2015, for Metro Manila, Philippines. The variables included road crash classification, incidence over months and time of the day, road crash disaggregated by location, region, and city, and type of vehicle. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the incidence of a road crash, road crash fatalities, and risk factors associated with a road crash in Metro Manila. Results. The incidence of road crashes in Metro Manila has increased from 65,111 in 2005 to 95,615 in 2015. Fatalities also increased from 348 to 536. The most predominant type of vehicle involved in road crashes were cars from 46% to 67%, followed by jeepneys, vans, and motorcycles. The most commonly reported human errors were speeding, inattentive and bad turning. The reported percentage of speeding from 2005–2010 ranged between 32% and 58%. In 2014, speeding (96%) was the most reported human error among the other reported errors; such as inattentiveness (range, 28 to 41%) and bad turning (0.6% and 33%). Fatigue and traffic violation made up 0.02% to 0.45% of the reported human factors of road crash-related hospitalization cases in Metro Manila for the period. Suspected alcohol use accounted for 0.04% to 4.57% of the human errors reported. For non-fatal and fatal crashes, the associated human errors were suspected alcohol use, inattentiveness, and speeding. The highest adjusted residual for both fatal and non-fatal (injurious) crashes was for inattentiveness. Human error was associated with years, suggesting that for some years, the number of crashes caused by human errors is significantly higher than expected. Alcohol-suspected crashes are significantly higher than expected for 2005 and 2011, with 2011 having the highest adjusted residual. Inattentiveness-caused crashes were significantly higher than expected for years 2005 to 2010, with 2007 having the highest adjusted residual. Bad turning was significantly higher from 2005 to 2007; while disobedience was significantly higher for 2005 to 2008. Speeding was significantly higher than expected from 2005 to 2010. Conclusion. There is a need to address the public health concern posed by road crashes in Metro Manila, as well as to rectify the ergonomically related risk factors and human error components in a road crash.

scholarly journals Towards linking driving complexity to crash risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-80
Author(s):  
Hendrik Zurlinden ◽  
Anita Baruah ◽  
John Gaffney
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Lane Changes ◽  
Crash Rates ◽  
Real Time Traffic ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
Road Space ◽  
Flow Phenomena

The purpose of this article is to present insights into the relationship between complex traffic flow phenomena on urban motorways and crash risk. Unstable or congested flow can trigger low speed/high density clusters (e.g. nucleations or shockwaves) creating ‘surprise elements’, therefore sharply increasing the cognitive workload for motorists. When combined with reduced road space and freedom to perform needed manoeuvres (e.g. lane changes), conditions can exceed the physical or mental capability and hence increase the likelihood of human error. There is overwhelming evidence that high traffic density drastically increases the crash risk. Some density concentrations can be avoided through appropriate planning and real-time traffic control, resulting in a reduction in crashes. Modern measurement devices allow for the analysis of individual vehicle behaviours such as ‘Brake’, ‘Speed alert’ or ‘Lane change’ events and show promise in providing robust data to further exploring what makes dense traffic complex. This allows establishing relationships between “events as elementary units of exposure” and crash occurrence resulting in a new way of understanding crash rates. These relationships are important to predict crashes, identify high-risk locations, and establish suitable measures for crash reduction.

scholarly journals Exploring the Dimensions of Driving Instruction through Naturalistic Observation of Formal Practical Lessons with Learner Drivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Watson-Brown ◽  
Bridie Scott-Parker ◽  
Bruce Simons-Morton ◽  
Teresa Senserrick
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Naturalistic Observation ◽  
Driver Education ◽  
Driver Training ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Road Crash

Higher-order driving skills (HO-DS) are deficient in young drivers who are over-represented in road crash fatalities and serious injuries. Teaching HO-DS has strong theoretical support in reducing crash risk. This study contributes to the dearth of literature regarding on-road driver training that can develop these skills. Higher-order driving instruction (HO-DI) is explored in formal on-road driving lessons (in Queensland, Australia) via naturalistic observation. Fifteen instructors and 96 learner drivers aged 16–19 years were recruited, with 110 lessons observed. An HO-DI coding taxonomy informed by the Goals for Driver Education ( 24) was used for content analysis using an a priori approach, comprising eight HO-DI codes: driving plan (formerly driving route), vehicle control and maneuvering, mastery of traffic situations, surveillance, situational risk (formerly environmental variables), personal risk (formerly knowledge of risk), car function (formerly car knowledge), and distraction. Thirty-nine sub-themes were identified within the codes allowing a deeper understanding of instruction, including missed (unseen) and untaken (seen but not actioned) HO-DI opportunities. The findings inform recommendations for the development of best practice HO-DI. This study has implications for the driver training industry with potential for reducing the crash risk of young novice drivers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document