scholarly journals Analysis of Human Error as a Factor in Road Crash in Metro Manila (2005-2015)

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Francesca D. Lu ◽  
Jinky Leilanie Lu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
Metro Manila ◽  
Road Crash ◽  
Adjusted Residual

Introduction. In the Philippines, data on road traffic injuries show that road injury is the 11th leading cause of premature deaths in the Philippines. The World Health Organization estimates that 1.24 million die globally due to road traffic crashes. Objectives. This study aimed to show the trend of the road crash situation in Metro Manila, Philippines, over eleven years (2005–2015) and to analyze human error and other associated hazard factors for road crashes. Methods. This study is a secondary analysis of an 11-year database culled from 2005–2015, for Metro Manila, Philippines. The variables included road crash classification, incidence over months and time of the day, road crash disaggregated by location, region, and city, and type of vehicle. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the incidence of a road crash, road crash fatalities, and risk factors associated with a road crash in Metro Manila. Results. The incidence of road crashes in Metro Manila has increased from 65,111 in 2005 to 95,615 in 2015. Fatalities also increased from 348 to 536. The most predominant type of vehicle involved in road crashes were cars from 46% to 67%, followed by jeepneys, vans, and motorcycles. The most commonly reported human errors were speeding, inattentive and bad turning. The reported percentage of speeding from 2005–2010 ranged between 32% and 58%. In 2014, speeding (96%) was the most reported human error among the other reported errors; such as inattentiveness (range, 28 to 41%) and bad turning (0.6% and 33%). Fatigue and traffic violation made up 0.02% to 0.45% of the reported human factors of road crash-related hospitalization cases in Metro Manila for the period. Suspected alcohol use accounted for 0.04% to 4.57% of the human errors reported. For non-fatal and fatal crashes, the associated human errors were suspected alcohol use, inattentiveness, and speeding. The highest adjusted residual for both fatal and non-fatal (injurious) crashes was for inattentiveness. Human error was associated with years, suggesting that for some years, the number of crashes caused by human errors is significantly higher than expected. Alcohol-suspected crashes are significantly higher than expected for 2005 and 2011, with 2011 having the highest adjusted residual. Inattentiveness-caused crashes were significantly higher than expected for years 2005 to 2010, with 2007 having the highest adjusted residual. Bad turning was significantly higher from 2005 to 2007; while disobedience was significantly higher for 2005 to 2008. Speeding was significantly higher than expected from 2005 to 2010. Conclusion. There is a need to address the public health concern posed by road crashes in Metro Manila, as well as to rectify the ergonomically related risk factors and human error components in a road crash.

scholarly journals Epidemiologic Profile of Vehicular Accident Patients in the Largest Hospital in the Philippines Covering Ten Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinky Leilanie Lu ◽  
Teodoro J. Herbosa ◽  
Sophia Francesca D. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcome ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Metro Manila ◽  
Road Crash ◽  
Clinical Records

Introduction. Globally, the number of people who die from road crashes continues to rise, reaching a high of 1.35 million in 2016. Due to this continued increase in fatalities and injuries within the road transport system, especially in low- and middle-income countries, 2011 to 2020 was declared by the United Nations General Assembly in 2010 as the Decade of Action for Road Safety. Objectives. This study looked into the epidemiology of road crashes and injuries in Metro Manila over ten years, from 2008-2017, from data gathered at the Department of Surgery of the Philippine General Hospital (PGH). Method. A retrospective review of patients’ clinical records was conducted to describe the epidemiology of road crash cases in the Trauma Division, Department of Surgery of the PGH. Clinical records of the road crash patients admitted to the division over the ten years, January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2017, were extracted from the Integrated Surgical Information System (ISIS). Results. A total of 422 patients were admitted to the PGH Department of Surgery and recorded in the ISIS database, from 2008 to 2017, who suffered from road crashes in Metro Manila. Most of these patients (80.8%) were male. The mean age of patients was 32.4 years. The highest number of admissions (27.5%) and road crash deaths (6.9%) were in 2016; the highest number was from the city of Manila (26.7%), and most happened at nighttime (61.8%) between 6:00 PM and 5:59 AM. Throughout the years, motorcycle (52.8%) was the vehicle type involved. Among patients with helmet use information, 65.4% were not wearing helmets, 91.2% had a history of alcohol intake. The majority incurred multiple injuries (82.7%), with the external region (53.8%) as the most common. Patients who sustained injuries to their head and neck region were five times more likely to die and six times more likely to have an unchanged patient outcome than those who did not have these injuries. Patients who had a GCS of 8 and below or those who had severe brain injuries were eight times more likely to die and six times more likely to have an unchanged patient outcome. Conclusion. This study looked into the epidemiology of road crash cases admitted to the Surgery Department of the PGH. Road crash injuries and deaths remain a growing concern among the citizens of Metro Manila. It is hoped that the results of this study will provide policymakers with an objective and data-driven perspective on road crashes.

ADHD is a Risk Factor of Road Crashes: A Purposive Study of Finding Relation between ADHD and Road Traffic Accident in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 20531-20536
Author(s):  
Nusrat Shamima Nur ◽  
M. S. l. Mullick ◽  
Ahmed Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
Road Crash ◽  
Day By Day

Background: In Bangladesh fatality rate due to road traffic accidents is rising sharply day by day. At least 2297 people were killed and 5480 were injured in road traffic accidents within 1st six months of 2017.Whereas in the previous year at 2016 at least 1941 people were killed and 4794 were injured within the 1st six months. No survey has been reported in Bangladesh yet correlating ADHD as a reason of impulsive driving which ends up in a road crash.

scholarly journals Driving Anger, Aberrant Driving Behaviors, and Road Crash Risk: Testing of a Mediated Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingru Zhang ◽  
Alan H.S. Chan ◽  
Hongjun Xue ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhang ◽  
Da Tao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Driving Anger ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Road Crash

With the dramatic increase in motorization, road traffic crashes have become the leading cause of death in China. To reduce the losses associated with road safety problems, it is important to understand the risk factors contributing to the high crash rate among Chinese drivers. This study investigated how driving anger and aberrant driving behaviors are related to crash risk by proposing and testing one mediated model. In this model, the effects of driving anger on road crash risk were mediated by aberrant driving behaviors. However, unlike previous studies, instead of using the overall scale scores, the subscales of driving anger and aberrant driving behaviors were used to establish the mediated model in this study. To test the validity of this model, an Internet-based questionnaire, which included various measures of driving anger, aberrant driving, and road crash history, was completed by a sample of 1974 Chinese drivers. The results showed that the model fitted the data very well and aberrant driving behaviors fully mediated the effects of driving anger on road crash risk. Findings from the present study are useful for the development of countermeasures to reduce road traffic crashes in China.

scholarly journals Analyzing Factors Associated with Fatal Road Crashes: A Machine Learning Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4111
Author(s):  
Ali J. Ghandour ◽  
Huda Hammoud ◽  
Samar Al-Hajj
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Injury ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Ensemble Machine Learning

Road traffic injury accounts for a substantial human and economic burden globally. Understanding risk factors contributing to fatal injuries is of paramount importance. In this study, we proposed a model that adopts a hybrid ensemble machine learning classifier structured from sequential minimal optimization and decision trees to identify risk factors contributing to fatal road injuries. The model was constructed, trained, tested, and validated using the Lebanese Road Accidents Platform (LRAP) database of 8482 road crash incidents, with fatality occurrence as the outcome variable. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the influence of multiple factors on fatality occurrence. Seven out of the nine selected independent variables were significantly associated with fatality occurrence, namely, crash type, injury severity, spatial cluster-ID, and crash time (hour). Evidence gained from the model data analysis will be adopted by policymakers and key stakeholders to gain insights into major contributing factors associated with fatal road crashes and to translate knowledge into safety programs and enhanced road policies.

How human activity impacted manufacturing non-compliances: A multivariate analysis in a centralized cytotoxic preparation unit

2020 ◽  
pp. 107815522097306
Author(s):  
Lucie Cornet ◽  
Caroline Gervaise ◽  
Marion Hugues ◽  
Sandrine Menguy ◽  
Agnès Macé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Time Slot ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Individual Experience ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Probability Of Error ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Expected Time

Introduction The aim of the study was to identify risk factors related to human errors in the preparation of anticancer drugs in order to improve the pharmaceutical process by setting corrective actions. Method Risk factors which could increase the probability of error were identified: daily workload, workload on the previous day and subcontractors’ workload, time slot of the preparation, understaffing, incidents which could affect workflow, individual experience of technicians and cleanrooms layout. Drug reconstitution or complex fabrications were also considered as risk factors. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to screen for correlation between risks and errors. Result Among 11 278 preparations analyzed, 115 were non-compliant. Univariate analysis shows significant variables: individual experience of technicians, technicians working in the same cleanrooms and technicians’ rotations. 2 technicians are significantly associated with a higher risk of error and 5 with a lower risk. The multivariate analysis confirmed the conclusions of the univariate. Discussion As expected, time slot of the manufacture, cleanrooms layout and some technicians increase the risk of error. Surprisingly, technicians’ experience led to increase the risk. This study is a first approach to evaluate the human error aspect in non-compliant preparations, in order to optimize security of antineoplastic drugs preparations.

scholarly journals Disability Weight Determination for Road Traffic Injuries in the Philippines: Metro Manila Scenario

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel R. Juban ◽  
Hilton Y. Lam ◽  
Ruzanne M. Caro ◽  
Jorge M. Concepcion ◽  
Tammy L. Dela Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Disability Weight ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Metro Manila ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Type Of Injury

Objective. To determine the Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) weights of road traffic injuries and use the DALY weights in determining the total DALYs lost in Metro Manila using available data. Methods. Consensus on DALY weights for each of the 31 International Classification of Diseases (ICD)10 codes related to road traffic injuries was done using Delphi Process. Experts from different fields were invited to participate in 2 rounds of discussion-and-scoring were done to obtain consensus were obtained for each DALY weight. Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PHIC) data on the counts of the 31 ICD 10 coded claims for the years 2011, 2012, and 2013 were obtained and used to calculate the total DALY lost due to vehicular injuries for Metro-Manila. Results. Road traffic related injuries affected mostly young people (mean 34 yo + 15) and affected mostly men (81%). There were a total of 3,199 injuries seen in 2,573 patients. 98.1% of the patients had a < 1 year type of injury with an average disability weight of 0.34154 and a total DALYs lost of 300.4. 0.5% of the patients had a ≥ 1 year type of injury with an average disability weight of 0.2726 and a total DALYs lost of 218.08.1.4% of the patients most likely died from their injuries earning a total DALYs lost of 1,440.The sum of DALYs lost is equivalent to a total of 1,958.12. Conclusion. The Metro Manila loses roughly Php 76.6 Million per year due to road traffic injuries and accidents. These events are highly preventable. Without proper interventions, road traffic injuries may lead to impoverishment of the young families who pick up the pieces, or are left behind.

scholarly journals P.3.19 Effect of occupational work and safety issues on road crash injuries in the philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A101.2-A101
Author(s):  
Sophia Francesca Lu
Keyword(s):  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Work Schedule ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Metro Manila ◽  
On The Road

BackgroundThis study looked at occupational road crashes and work schedule among truck and bus drivers in comparison to other drivers and motorists on the road of Metro manila which is one of the cities globally with a high traffic density. One of the most precarious work occupations is driving especially buses used for public transportation, and trucks for commercial activities. This is most astute in the metrolopolis.MethodsThe study used meta-analysis of previous studies conducted, grey literature, government statistics, and validation through key database research in concerned national government agencies involved in road traffic from 2010–2015.ResultsThe study found that the in terms of the number of public utility vehicles registered in Metro Manila (2015), 51.27% were buses and 20.21% were trucks. Majority of the drivers worked more than 12 hours a day. In terms of time and peak of accidents, it is alarming to note that about 35% of the road crashes occurred from 22–23 gmt (2010–2015), and 30% from 23–24 (2010–2015) gmt. Human error accounted for the overwhelming cause of road crashes such as drunk driving, beating the red light, sleepiness, accounting for 99.52% in 2012, 99.47% in 2013, 95.33% in 2014, and 97.19% in 2015. Majority of the drivers worked over prolonged hours on the road that may cause fatigue and sleepiness which are the highest risk factor to road accident based on the study.ConclusionThe study has shown how risky driving is as an occupation especially due to the work schedule and work issues. The study suggests developing better information, education and communication campaign as well as policies particularly on work conditions favorable to bus and truck drivers, and likewise, considering work schedule in road safety among drivers which composes one of the risky occupations.

scholarly journals Alcohol Related Facial Injuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Nwashindi Arthur ◽  
E. M. Dim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Facial Injuries

Aim: Consumption of alcohol plays a key role in traumatic injuries The capacity of alcohol to distort human cognitive ability and reasoning makes it an important factor in the causation of motor vehicle and interpersonal violence-related injuries The aim of this study was to investigate the role of alcohol in severe facial injuries in settings of motor vehicular crashes and interpersonal violence. Study Design: A prospective study of 118 patients who suffered alcohol-related facial injuries. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the University of Uyo teaching hospital Uyo, Nigeria over a 5-year period, from January 2007 to January 2021. Methodology: The variables analyzed included socio demographics, nature of injury and sites of injuries. Alcohol Use Disturbance Identification Test (AUDIT test) was used to identify risks and damages of alcohol use and dependence. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0. Multivariate analysis was carried out using binary logistic regression analysis, P = 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: A total of 118 patients suffered alcohol-related facial injuries in the period of the study. There were 97 males and 21 females, giving a male to female ratio of 4:1 The mean age  of the patients’ population was  43 .The commonest age range involved in alcohol-related facial injuries was 29-38 years. Road traffic injuries were the commonest cause of facial injuries.  Medium risk alcohol consumption and male gender were identified as risk factors for  moderate and severe injuries  as well as for avulsive injuries. Conclusion: Alcohol-related injuries often turn out severe, and the identifiable risk factors include male gender, high-risk alcohol consumption and road traffic crashes.

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