Astrovirus VA1/HMO encephalitis after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: Significant role of immune competence in virus control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Król ◽  
Dominik Turkiewicz ◽  
Karin Nordborg ◽  
Elisabet Englund ◽  
Lars Stenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell ◽  
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Immune Competence ◽  
Virus Control

scholarly journals Airflow Decline after Myeloablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: The Role of Community Respiratory Viruses

2006 ◽  
Vol 193 (12) ◽  
pp. 1619-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronique Erard ◽  
Jason W. Chien ◽  
Hyung W. Kim ◽  
W. Garrett Nichols ◽  
Mary E. Flowers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell ◽  
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

scholarly journals Pretransplant CSF-1 therapy expands recipient macrophages and ameliorates GVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

2011 ◽  
Vol 208 (5) ◽  
pp. 1069-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daigo Hashimoto ◽  
Andrew Chow ◽  
Melanie Greter ◽  
Yvonne Saenger ◽  
Wing-Hong Kwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Acute Gvhd ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell ◽  
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Host Macrophage

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) results from the attack of host tissues by donor allogeneic T cells and is the most serious limitation of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Host antigen-presenting cells are thought to control the priming of alloreactive T cells and the induction of acute GVHD after allo-HCT. However, whereas the role of host DC in GVHD has been established, the contribution of host macrophages to GVHD has not been clearly addressed. We show that, in contrast to DC, reducing of the host macrophage pool in recipient mice increased donor T cell expansion and aggravated GVHD mortality after allo-HCT. We also show that host macrophages that persist after allo-HCT engulf donor allogeneic T cells and inhibit their proliferation. Conversely, administration of the cytokine CSF-1 before transplant expanded the host macrophage pool, reduced donor T cell expansion, and improved GVHD morbidity and mortality after allo-HCT. This study establishes the unexpected key role of host macrophages in inhibiting GVHD and identifies CSF-1 as a potential prophylactic therapy to limit acute GVHD after allo-HCT in the clinic.

scholarly journals An Unconventional View of T Cell Reconstitution After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Andrlová ◽  
Marcel R. M. van den Brink ◽  
Kate A. Markey
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell ◽  
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Curative Intent

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is performed as curative-intent therapy for hematologic malignancies and non-malignant hematologic, immunological and metabolic disorders, however, its broader implementation is limited by high rates of transplantation-related complications and a 2-year mortality that approaches 50%. Robust reconstitution of a functioning innate and adaptive immune system is a critical contributor to good long-term patient outcomes, primarily to prevent and overcome post-transplantation infectious complications and ensure adequate graft-versus-leukemia effects. There is increasing evidence that unconventional T cells may have an important immunomodulatory role after allo-HCT, which may be at least partially dependent on the post-transplantation intestinal microbiome. Here we discuss the role of immune reconstitution in allo-HCT outcome, focusing on unconventional T cells, specifically mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, γδ (gd) T cells, and invariant NK T (iNKT) cells. We provide an overview of the mechanistic preclinical and associative clinical studies that have been performed. We also discuss the emerging role of the intestinal microbiome with regard to hematopoietic function and overall immune reconstitution.

scholarly journals The Role of Immune Checkpoint Molecules for Relapse After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Köhler ◽  
Dietrich Alexander Ruess ◽  
Rebecca Kesselring ◽  
Robert Zeiser
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell ◽  
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Molecules

Immune checkpoint molecules represent physiological brakes of the immune system that are essential for the maintenance of immune homeostasis and prevention of autoimmunity. By inhibiting these negative regulators of the immune response, immune checkpoint blockade can increase anti-tumor immunity, but has been primarily successful in solid cancer therapy and Hodgkin lymphoma so far. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a well-established cellular immunotherapy option with the potential to cure hematological cancers, but relapse remains a major obstacle. Relapse after allo-HCT is mainly thought to be attributable to loss of the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect and hence escape of tumor cells from the allogeneic immune response. One potential mechanism of immune escape from the GVL effect is the inhibition of allogeneic T cells via engagement of inhibitory receptors on their surface including PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM3, and others. This review provides an overview of current evidence for a role of immune checkpoint molecules for relapse and its treatment after allo-HCT, as well as discussion of the immune mediated side effect graft-vs.-host disease. We discuss the expression of different immune checkpoint molecules on leukemia cells and T cells in patients undergoing allo-HCT. Furthermore, we review mechanistic insights gained from preclinical studies and summarize clinical trials assessing immune checkpoint blockade for relapse after allo-HCT.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document