Personality, expectations, and response strategies in multiple‐choice question examinations in university students: a test of Gray's hypotheses

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Ávila ◽  
Rafael Torrubia
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Choice ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Appetitive Motivation ◽  
Correction For Guessing ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Aversive Motivation ◽  
Omission Errors ◽  
Sensitivity To Punishment ◽  
Made In

The relation between personality and type of error made in multiple‐choice examinations when correction for guessing is applied was investigated across two studies. Our general hypothesis was that disinhibited subjects (those scoring high on the Sensitivity to Reward (SR) scale and/or low on the Sensitivity to Punishment (SP) scale) would make more incorrect responses and fewer omission errors (blanks) than inhibited subjects (those with high SP and/or low SR scores). The meta‐analyses of 19 examinations in study 1 confirmed our hypotheses for SP, SR, and extraversion. Regression analyses on effect sizes revealed that SP differences were obtained in examinations with low marks, whereas SR differences were obtained in examinations with more responses and fewer questions. Study 2 showed that a low‐mark expectation increased omissions in high‐SP subjects, whereas a high‐mark expectation increased incorrect responses in high‐SR subjects. These results suggest two different mechanisms mediating inhibition/disinhibition: one associated with aversive motivation, and the other with appetitive motivation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Prospective Implementation of Correction for Guessing in Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Multiple-Choice Examinations: Did Student Performance Improve?

2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 1149-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Prihoda ◽  
R. Neal Pinckard ◽  
C. Alex McMahan ◽  
John H. Littlefield ◽  
Anne Cale Jones
Keyword(s):  
Student Performance ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Correction For Guessing

scholarly journals Decontamination methods of personal protective equipment for repeated utilization in medical/surgical settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (34) ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Abdurrahman Kharbat ◽  
Adin Mizer ◽  
Mimi Zumwalt
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
N95 Respirators ◽  
Made In

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected citizens and healthcare workers worldwide due to a number of important factors. The transmission of the SARS CoV-2 microorganism, the pathogen that causes COVID-19 infection, occurs through droplet and aerosol spread due to coughs and sneezes from infected patients. A panicked public began hoarding medical supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE), leaving healthcare workers to care for patients without adequate protection. A literature review was conducted to better understand the options available to hospital and healthcare system administrators as they develop necessary protocols for the conservation and possible reuse of PPE. This review is based upon the peer-reviewed studies of various scientific investigators, biotechnology researchers, governmental agency health officials, including meta-analyses, preliminary/pilot studies, and policy statements. Current findings indicate that extended usage of N95 respirators is practical since there are methods available for the decontamination/repeated use of N95 respirators. In evaluating the efficacy of such methods, the safety of healthcare workers is important in deciding which method to recommend. Available evidence supports the use of the Bioquell Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor (HPV) system for decontaminating N95 respirators. Information on other PPE will also be discussed about more specific items. Informed decisions regarding the policies of hospitals and healthcare systems must be considered, and with the safety of healthcare workers in mind, both factors influenced the recommendations made in this comprehensive review.

scholarly journals Mutation in ROBO3 Gene in Patients with Horizontal Gaze Palsy with Progressive Scoliosis Syndrome: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4467
Author(s):  
Elena Pinero-Pinto ◽  
Verónica Pérez-Cabezas ◽  
Cristina Tous-Rivera ◽  
José-María Sánchez-González ◽  
Carmen Ruiz-Molinero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Progressive Scoliosis ◽  
Chromosome 11Q23 ◽  
Horizontal Gaze ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Gaze Palsy ◽  
Made In

Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) is a rare, inherited disorder characterized by a congenital absence of conjugate horizontal eye movements with progressive scoliosis developing in childhood and adolescence. Mutations in the Roundabout (ROBO3) gene located on chromosome 11q23–25 are responsible for the development of horizontal gaze palsy and progressive scoliosis. However, some studies redefined the locus responsible for this pathology to a 9-cM region. This study carried out a systematic review in which 25 documents were analyzed, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. The search was made in the following electronic databases from January 1995 to October 2019: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDRO, SPORT Discus, and CINAHL. HGPPS requires a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach, in which magnetic resonance imaging might be the first technique to suggest the diagnosis, which should be verified by an analysis of the ROBO3 gene. This is important to allow for adequate ocular follow up, apply supportive therapies to prevent the rapid progression of scoliosis, and lead to appropriate genetic counseling.

Genetic basis of Parkinson disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. E7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Xiromerisiou ◽  
Efthimios Dardiotis ◽  
Vaïa Tsimourtou ◽  
Persa Maria Kountra ◽  
Konstantinos N. Paterakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Collaborative Studies ◽  
Common Genetic Variants ◽  
Cellular Pathways ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Made In

Over the past few years, considerable progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms of Parkinson disease (PD). Mutations in certain genes are found to cause monogenic forms of the disorder, with autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive inheritance. These genes include alpha-synuclein, parkin, PINK1, DJ-1, LRRK2, and ATP13A2. The monogenic variants are important tools in identifying cellular pathways that shed light on the pathogenesis of this disease. Certain common genetic variants are also likely to modulate the risk of PD. International collaborative studies and meta-analyses have identified common variants as genetic susceptibility risk/protective factors for sporadic PD.

A model for the correction for guessing on multiple-choice tests

1975 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Hansen ◽  
F. L. Schmidt ◽  
J. C. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Multiple Choice Tests ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Correction For Guessing

Broadening the definition of resilience and “reappraising” the use of appetitive motivation

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Soenke ◽  
Mary-Frances O'Connor ◽  
Jeff Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Approach Motivation ◽  
Common Pathway ◽  
Appetitive Motivation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Aversive Motivation

AbstractKalisch et al.'s PASTOR model synthesizes current knowledge of resilience, focusing on mechanisms as a common pathway to outcomes and highlighting neuroscience as a method for exploring this. We propose the model broaden its definition of resiliency to include positive indices of recovery, include positive affect as a mechanism, and approach motivation as distinct from overcoming aversive motivation.

scholarly journals Analisis Pertanggungjawaban Tenaga Medis yang melakukan Tindak Pidana Malpraktek menurut UU Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kesehatan

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwari Akhmaddhian
Keyword(s):  
Health Worker ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Omission Errors ◽  
Made In

A defense against criminal liability of a health worker who commit criminal acts of malpractice can be argued that the criminal liability lies in the form of omission errors or omissions when power kesehatantersebut their profession . As a result of mistakes resulting in death or injury , an element of health personnel mistakes made in this case is the gross negligence or culpa lata which will be requested a defense response of the consequences of his actions . In the application of the criminal law against the perpetrators of malpractice , the application of positive law for perpetrators of malpractice contained in Article 361 and Article 359 of the Code of Criminal Law and Law no . 36 of 2009 on Health . But in the application of these articles dilemma arises in understanding the elements of negligence which measures whether the health worker negligence or not in terms of their profession , to the order of the Book  of the  Law is  being revised  Criminal Law should  regulate the issue of negligence is regulated in detail and.clear.Keywords : Health , Criminal , Malpractice.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Omission in Students’ English Writings

TEKNOSASTIK ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Ingatan Gulö ◽  
Teo Vany Rahmawelly
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Verb Agreement ◽  
Foreign Language Learners ◽  
Grammatical Errors ◽  
Omission Errors ◽  
Qualitative Data Collection ◽  
Made In

This paper is part of research with a larger scope covering errors students made related to subject-verb agreement. This part aims to elaborate grammatical problems faced by foreign language learners of English in relation to the omission they made in their writings. A qualitative data collection method was applied in gathering the data. The researchers collected pieces of writing from the students, read them, and analysed the omission errors found in the collected writings. As result, the most common omissions found in the data are related to verb markers. Omission of main verbs and auxiliaries also occur, creating sentences without any verbs or grammatically necessary auxiliaries. Absense of these kinds of function in Indonesian is the main reason for this grammatical problem faced by the learners. In addition, omissios of suffix -ing were also found by the researchers in the data. These findings should be able to contribute to existing works on grammatical errors and increase the success of both teaching and learning of a foreign language like English.Key Words: error, grammar, omission, writing

An Empirical Review of Research and Reporting Practices in Psychological Meta-Analyses

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-209
Author(s):  
Richard E. Hohn ◽  
Kathleen L. Slaney ◽  
Donna Tafreshi
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Reporting Decisions ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Made In

As meta-analytic studies have come to occupy a sizable contingent of published work in the psychological sciences, clarity in the research and reporting practices of such work is crucial to the interpretability and reproducibility of research findings. The present study examines the state of research and reporting practices within a random sample of 384 published psychological meta-analyses across several important dimensions (e.g., search methods, exclusion criteria, statistical techniques). In addition, we surveyed the first authors of the meta-analyses in our sample to ask them directly about the research practices employed and reporting decisions made in their studies, including the assessments and procedures they conducted and the guidelines or materials they relied on. Upon cross-validating the first author responses with what was reported in their published meta-analyses, we identified numerous potential gaps in reporting and research practices. In addition to providing a survey of recent reporting practices, our findings suggest that (a) there are several research practices conducted by meta-analysts that are ultimately not reported; (b) some aspects of meta-analysis research appear to be conducted at disappointingly low rates; and (c) the adoption of the reporting standards, including the Meta-Analytic Reporting Standards (MARS), has been slow to nonexistent within psychological meta-analytic research.

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