Individual Differences in Women's Perceptions of other Women's Dominance

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Watkins ◽  
Michelle C. Quist ◽  
Finlay G. Smith ◽  
Lisa M. DeBruine ◽  
Benedict C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Women’S Perceptions ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Physical Dominance

Recent research on men's dominance perception suggests that the extent to which men perceive masculine men to be more dominant than relatively feminine men is negatively correlated with measures of their own dominance. In the current studies, we investigated the relationship between indices of women's own dominance and their perceptions of other women's facial dominance. Women's own height and scores on a dominance questionnaire were negatively correlated with the extent to which they perceived masculine women to be more dominant than relatively feminine women. In follow–up studies, we observed similar individual differences when (i) women separately judged other women's social and physical dominance, suggesting that individual differences in women's dominance perceptions generalize across two different types of dominance judgment and (ii) we assessed the perceivers’ dominance indirectly by using a questionnaire that measures the extent to which women view interactions with other women in competitive terms. These findings present new evidence that the extent to which people perceive masculine individuals to be more dominant than relatively feminine individuals is negatively correlated with measures of their own dominance and suggest that competition and conflict among women may have shaped individual differences in women's dominance perception. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Characteristics of Different Types of Childhood Violence and the Risk of Revictimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 1696-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Frugaard Stroem ◽  
Helene Flood Aakvaag ◽  
Tore Wentzel-Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Childhood Violence ◽  
Forms Of Violence ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the relationship between the characteristics of different types of childhood violence and adult victimization using two waves of data from a community telephone survey (T1) and a follow-up survey, including 505 cases and 506 controls, aged 17-35 years (T2). The logistic regression analyses showed that exposure to childhood abuse, regardless of type, was associated with adult victimization. Exposure to multiple types of abuse, victimization both in childhood and in young adulthood, and recency of abuse increased these odds. Our findings emphasize the importance of assessing multiple forms of violence when studying revictimization. Practitioners working with children and young adults should be attentive to the number of victimization types experienced and recent victimization to prevent further abuse.

A new evidence-based neuropsychological model of suicidal propensity and suicide based in depression

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S605-S606
Author(s):  
L.-H. Thorell
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Dysfunction ◽  
Apparent Loss ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Hippocampal Ca3 ◽  
Depressed Person ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Relevant Factors

IntroductionObjectively validated models of the depressed suicide are lacking. Early observations that electrodermal hyporeactivity was strongly related to suicide in depression required an untraditional statistical approach that was applied on materials from published materials with between themselves totally confirming results.ObjectivesA plausible explanation model of the relationship had to be developed.AimsThe aims were to investigate the nature of electrodermal hyporeactivity and its possible causes and connections to other suicide relevant factors and to formulate a coherent model of the depressed suicide.MethodsPublished materials with in- and outpatients (in total > 900 patients) comprising follow-up of suicide and tests of habituation of the electrodermal response were analysed. Symptomatology, gender, age and other variables were considered and so were knowledge and theories from other scientists.ResultsThe apparent loss of or considerably reduced specific electrodermal orienting (curiosity) responses in future depressed suicide victims showed clear relationships to and clear independence of considered important suicidal factors.ConclusionsLoss of specific orienting responses indicates loss of hippocampal CA3 plasticity. CA3 areas are early and centrally positioned in the information processing of neocortical sensory input supporting the hypothesis of a particular neuropsychological dysfunction disabling normal cognitive and emotional curiosity reactions to everyday events. It is proposed that this dysfunction may make the depressed person ready to leave the everyday life and fearless of imminent pain – a loss of two important barriers against suicide.It seems righteous to propose this basically objectively validated model as a plausible explanation of the depressed suicide.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Long-term developmental follow-up in children with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie Bellew ◽  
Paul Chumas
Keyword(s):  
Normal Population ◽  
Time Of Surgery ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Single Suture ◽  
The Average Range

OBJECT The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) by type of craniosynostosis and to verify the finding that at long-term follow-up, verbal IQ (VIQ) is significantly higher than performance IQ (PIQ) in patients with single-suture sagittal synostosis (SS) despite falling within the “average” range for intelligence. Whether this also occurs in other types of craniosynostosis and whether surgery and sex are relevant were also determined. The relationship between age at time of surgery and later IQ was ascertained. METHODS The data for 91 children with craniosynostosis (47 sagittal, 15 unicoronal, 13 metopic, 9 multisuture, and 7 bicoronal) were collected at their routine, 10 years of age IQ assessment (mean age 123.8 months). The patients included 61 males and 30 females; 62 patients had undergone surgery and 29 had not. RESULTS The mean FSIQ for all types of craniosynostosis combined (96.2) fell within the average range for the general population. Some variation was evident across the different types of craniosynostosis: the SS group showed the highest FSIQs and a “normal” distribution of bandings; the other types had a higher proportion of FSIQs in the lower bandings. The data confirmed the finding that VIQ is greater than PIQ despite falling within the average range for intelligence, with a difference of 5.0 for all types of craniosynostosis combined (p = 0.001), 7.6 for the SS group (p = 0.001), and 6.9 for the unicoronal group (p = 0.029). This VIQ > PIQ effect was not found with multisuture craniosynostosis. The VIQ > PIQ discrepancy occurred regardless of whether the patient had undergone surgery and occurred more often in males than females. In the SS group and the bicoronal group, FSIQ (p = 0.036 and p = 0.046, respectively) and PIQ (p = 0.012 and p = 0.017, respectively), though not VIQ, were higher when surgery had been performed early. CONCLUSIONS The study confirms that at long-term follow-up, although children with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis fall within the normal range for intelligence, there is a VIQ > PIQ discrepancy above what would be expected in the normal population, which may be indicative of more subtle difficulties in achievement. This discrepancy is affected by type of craniosynostosis, sex, and age at time of surgery.

scholarly journals Mediating Role Of Socialization Towards Relationship Between Personality And Job Satisfaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1405
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akram Naseem ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Huanping Zhang ◽  
Fizzah Malik
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
The Relationship

This research aims to explore the mediating effect of socialization on the relationship between personality and job satisfaction. Furthermore, to explore which personality traits can serve as predictors towards job satisfaction, targeting the bank branch managers in Pakistan by questionnaire in this Cross Section study. From the analysis, we found: (1) socialization has a mediating effect on the relationship between personality and job satisfaction, (2) Among five factors of Personality, Extraversion, Conscientiousness and Neuroticism are found to be significant predictors to determine Job Satisfaction. In conclusion, this research discusses the theoretical and practical connotations of the research results and proposed recommendations for follow-up studies.

A Follow-up Study of Female Narcotic Addicts: Variables Related to Outcome

1974 ◽  
Vol 125 (584) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. d'Orbán
Keyword(s):  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

The poor prognosis of narcotic dependence is generally recognized, but this is a field in which it is specially difficult to make predictions about the outcome of treatment in the individual patient. Vaillant (1966a) noted that abstinence appears to depend more on the addict's ability to discover satisfying alternatives to his addiction than on methods of treatment. In an attempt to identify prognostic indicators in narcotic dependence a number of follow-up studies have examined the relationship between outcome and various social and psychological characteristics of the patients studied. While most follow-up studies are of male addicts or of samples containing only a small proportion of women, the present study is concerned with the outcome in a sample of 66 female narcotic addicts.

The Role of Ecological Variables in Residential Treatment

1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Residential Treatment ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Ecological Variables ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The importance of a supportive ecology after a child returns from residential treatment has been documented in a number of follow-up studies. This study used ratings by liaison staff in a residential treatment program to measure both personal and ecological variables at admission and discharge and investigate the relationship of those ratings to adjustment status of students 6 months after discharge. It was found that some ecological data gathered at admission were predictive of follow-up status while most personal characteristics of the student were not. Unlike earlier follow-up studies, ratings of improvement, both of the student's behavior and his ecological support, were significantly related to follow-up ratings, possibly because liaison staff had worked directly with members of students' ecologies and were aware of support and problems to be faced on return to the community. These findings seem to support the proposition that personal change and ecological change must occur together for residential treatment to be successful.

Cumulative Victimization, Psychological Distress, and High-Risk Behavior Among Substance-Involved Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seana Golder ◽  
TK Logan
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
High Risk Behavior ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

This research addressed two questions: (a) What is the relationship between different patterns of cumulative victimization and psychological distress? And (b) How does the pattern of cumulative victimization and psychological distress influence women’s engagement in substance- and sex-related risk behavior? Data were analyzed from interviews with 149 sexually active, crack-using women who completed a follow-up interview after participating in the Kentucky National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) AIDS Cooperative Agreement. Findings from the multivariate analyses indicated that victimization accounted for 5% and 39% of the variance in psychological distress and high-risk behavior, respectively; cumulative victimization and psychological distress accounted for 6% to 11% of the variance in the high-risk behaviors. Results highlight the affects of childhood and adult victimization on psychological distress and the associations between different types of psychological distress and risk behavior.

scholarly journals RETHINKING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOUSING PRICES AND INFLATION: NEW EVIDENCE FROM 29 LARGE CITIES IN CHINA

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianli Tang ◽  
Kunhui Ye ◽  
Yan Qian
Keyword(s):  
Housing Prices ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Sample Period ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Bounds Test ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

This paper presents a longitudinal analysis of the relationship between housing prices and inflation by employing new housing price indices from 29 large Chinese cities over the 2003–2013 period. Based on the Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) model and bounds test, we find no long-run co-integration relationship between housing prices and inflation. This result is robust for different types of inflation (actual, expected, unexpected inflation). Furthermore, it is found that the housing prices in China grow spectacularly in the sample period owing to the dramatic development of the Chinese economy, while inflation grows in a more modest way. Although the study is conducted in the context of China, the results can provide useful evidence to the debate on the relationship between housing prices and inflation.

What graduate follow-up studies can tell us

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 976-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda H Distlehorst
Keyword(s):  
Follow Up Studies
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