Comparing conditional probabilities and statistical independence in layers of protection analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy C. Mott ◽  
Paul Michael Kivistik ◽  
Anna K. Panorska ◽  
David C. Cantu
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Independence ◽  
Conditional Probabilities

More about systematic errors in charge-density studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Henn ◽  
Kathrin Meindl
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Statistical Independence ◽  
Conditional Probabilities ◽  
Density Data ◽  
Scientific Fields

In order to detect and graphically visualize the absence or presence of systematic errors in fit data, conditional probabilities are employed to analyze the statistical independence or dependence of fit residuals. This concept is completely general and applicable to all scientific fields in which model parameters are fitted to experimental data. The applications presented in this work refer to published charge-density data.

Conditional probabilities and statistical independence in quantum theory

1978 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1705-1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Statistical Independence ◽  
Conditional Probabilities

The Constructive Thinking Inventory: Factorial Structure in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Chronic Skin Diseases

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Hoyer ◽  
Mechthild Averbeck ◽  
Thomas Heidenreich ◽  
Ulrich Stangier ◽  
Karin Pöhlmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Statistical Independence ◽  
Constructive Thinking ◽  
Global Factor ◽  
Emotional Coping ◽  
Factor Congruence ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
Chronic Skin Diseases

Epstein's “Constructive Thinking Inventory” (CTI) was developed to measure the construct of experiential intelligence, which is based on his cognitive-experiential self-theory. Inventory items were generated by sampling naturally occurring automatic cognitions. Using principal component analysis, the findings showed a global factor of coping ability as well as six main factors: Emotional Coping, Behavioral Coping, Categorical Thinking, Personal Superstitious Thinking, Esoteric Thinking, and Naive Optimism. We tested the replicability of this factor structure and the amount of statistical independence (nonredundancy) between these factors in an initial study of German students (Study 1, N = 439) and in a second study of patients with chronic skin disorders (Study 2, N = 187). Factor congruence with the original (American) data was determined using a formula proposed by Schneewind and Cattell (1970) . Our findings show satisfactory factor congruence and statistical independence for Emotional Coping and Esoteric Thinking in both studies, while full replicability or independence could not be found in both for the other factors. Implications for the use and further development of the CTI are discussed.

The dependence of the majority voting decision-making probabilities on a multi-expert binary system experts number

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
E. D. Avedyan ◽  
Le Thi Trang Linh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Binary System ◽  
Conditional Probability ◽  
Majority Voting ◽  
Correct Solution ◽  
Conditional Probabilities ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Independent Expert ◽  
Mutually Independent

The article presents the analytical results of the decision-making by the majority voting algorithm (MVA). Particular attention is paid to the case of an even number of experts. The conditional probabilities of the MVA for two hypotheses are given for an even number of experts and their properties are investigated depending on the conditional probability of decision-making by independent experts of equal qualifications and on their number. An approach to calculating the probabilities of the correct solution of the MVA with unequal values of the conditional probabilities of accepting hypotheses of each statistically mutually independent expert is proposed. The findings are illustrated by numerical and graphical calculations.

Minimal distributions in a stochastic partial ordering and bounds for Gaussian processes

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 529-536
Author(s):  
W. J. R. Eplett
Keyword(s):  
Gaussian Process ◽  
Gaussian Processes ◽  
Partial Ordering ◽  
Boundary Crossing ◽  
Conditional Probabilities ◽  
Life Distribution ◽  
Life Distributions ◽  
Bounded Below ◽  
Crossing Probabilities

A natural requirement to impose upon the life distribution of a component is that after inspection at some randomly chosen time to check whether it is still functioning, its life distribution from the time of checking should be bounded below by some specified distribution which may be defined by external considerations. Furthermore, the life distribution should ideally be minimal in the partial ordering obtained from the conditional probabilities. We prove that these specifications provide an apparently new characterization of the DFRA class of life distributions with a corresponding result for IFRA distributions. These results may be transferred, using Slepian's lemma, to obtain bounds for the boundary crossing probabilities of a stationary Gaussian process.

scholarly journals Conditional probabilities via line arrangements and point configurations

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Oliver Clarke ◽  
Fatemeh Mohammadi ◽  
Harshit J. Motwani
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Probabilities ◽  
Line Arrangements ◽  
Point Configurations

scholarly journals H. L. Wagner's Unbiased Hit Rate and the Assessment of Categorical Forecasting Accuracy

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 802-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy W. Armistead
Keyword(s):  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Skill Score ◽  
Conditional Probabilities ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Forecasting Accuracy ◽  
Hit Rate ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Measure Of Association ◽  
Accuracy Rates

Abstract The paper briefly reviews measures that have been proposed since the 1880s to assess accuracy and skill in categorical weather forecasting. The majority of the measures consist of a single expression, for example, a proportion, the difference between two proportions, a ratio, or a coefficient. Two exemplar single-expression measures for 2 × 2 categorical arrays that chronologically bracket the 130-yr history of this effort—Doolittle's inference ratio i and Stephenson's odds ratio skill score (ORSS)—are reviewed in detail. Doolittle's i is appropriately calculated using conditional probabilities, and the ORSS is a valid measure of association, but both measures are limited in ways that variously mirror all single-expression measures for categorical forecasting. The limitations that variously affect such measures include their inability to assess the separate accuracy rates of different forecast–event categories in a matrix, their sensitivity to the interdependence of forecasts in a 2 × 2 matrix, and the inapplicability of many of them to the general k × k (k ≥ 2) problem. The paper demonstrates that Wagner's unbiased hit rate, developed for use in categorical judgment studies with any k × k (k ≥ 2) array, avoids these limitations while extending the dual-measure Bayesian approach proposed by Murphy and Winkler in 1987.

PREDICTION OF WEATHER-RELATED FAILURES OF OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION FEEDERS

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujia Zhou ◽  
Anil Pahwa ◽  
Sanjoy Das
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Regression Function ◽  
Conditional Probabilities ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Distribution Feeder

This article presents two methods for predicting weather-related overhead distribution feeder failures. The first model is based on linear regression, which uses a regression function to determine the correlation between the weather factors and overhead feeder failures. The second method is based on a one-layer Bayesian network, which uses conditional probabilities to model the correlation. Both methods are discussed and followed by tests to assess their performance. The results obtained using these methods are discussed and compared.

Various estimators of conditional probabilities of death in follow-up studies: Summary of results

1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina C. Elandt-Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Probabilities ◽  
Follow Up Studies
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