Abstract
The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is attracted to its male-produced aggregation pheromone, a ~3.5:1 mixture of (3S,6S,7R,10S)- and (3R,6S,7R,10S)-10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol (SSRS and RSRS respectively), and also to the pheromone of its Asian sympatric species Plautia stali Scott (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), methyl (2E,4E,6Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate (MDT). A stereoisomeric mixture of (7R) 10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ols (= mixed murgantiols) is used together in commercialized products with MDT because the latter is a synergist for H. halys attraction to mixed murgantiols. However, the optimal ratio for MDT combination with mixed murgantiols, and the sensitivity of bug captures to variation in ratio of the two pheromone components, have not been tested to date. Using black pyramid traps at two sites (in Maryland and West Virginia, United States), different ratios of mixed murgantiols to MDT were tested over two entire seasons. Also, captures using various ratios of the two active pheromone stereoisomers were undertaken in month-long trials with and without MDT. Results showed that H. halys adult and nymphal captures were relatively insensitive to the ratio of synthetic pheromone (mixed murgantiols) to MDT, as long as each was present in the trap. Captures of adults and nymphs were responsive to the lure loading of the SSRS isomer, but relatively insensitive to levels of the minor component, RSRS. The relative insensitivity of H. halys to these attractant ratios gives flexibility to development of more cost-efficient synthesis and trapping as well as other semiochemical-based management tactics.
Synthetic pheromone exposure increases calling and reduces subsequent mating in female
Contarinia nasturtii
(
Diptera: Cecidomyiidae
)
