Seed treatment for managing fall armyworm as defoliator and cutworm on maize: plant protection, residuality, and the insect life history

ABSTRACT Fall armyworm is one of the main insect pests in Brazil. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the seed treatment effect on the control of Spodoptera frugiperda in initial infestations of soybean crops. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates of six insecticide treatments applied through seed treatment: imidacloprid plus thiodicarb at the dose of 52.5 plus 105 g a.i. (active ingredient) 100 kg-1 of seed (Cropstar® 0.350 L 100 kg-1 of seed); thiamethoxam at 105 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seed (Cruiser 350 FS® 0.3 L 100 kg-1 of seed); chlorantraniliprole at 62.5 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seed (Dermacor® 0.1 L 100 kg-1 of seed); cyantraniliprole at 120 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seed (Fortenza 600 FS® 0.2 L 100 kg-1 of seed); fipronil plus pyraclostrobin and thiophanate-methyl 50 + 5 + 45 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seed (Standak Top® 0.2 L 100 kg-1 of seed), and a control treatment. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. Diamide insecticides (chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole) presented the best results among all treatments, with lower consumption of the treated leaves by the caterpillars and greater control efficacy of this insect. We verified that seed treatment is a viable alternative for controlling S. frugiperda at the beginning of crop development, when the caterpillar presents the behavior of cutting the seedlings and/or the consumption of leaf area, causing a reduction in the plant population and a consequent yield loss.

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Influence of Adjacent and Border Crops on the Incidence of Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Maize

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-5676 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

P.S. Shanmugam ◽

M. Sangeetha ◽

P. Ayyadurai ◽

Y.G. Prasad

Keyword(s):

Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Fall Armyworm ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Cropping Pattern ◽

Present Survey ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Benefit Cost

Background: Maize is one of the predominant millets cultivated in an area of 6500 ha both under drip and open irrigation systems in Dharmapuri district. The infestation of invasive insect pest Spodoptera frugiperda poses major threat to maize cultivation and increased the cost towards plant protection since 2018. In the integrated pest management strategies, the benefits of growing border and inter crop has been studied in detail but least emphasis was given to the crops grown in adjacent fields to the main crop. The cropping pattern in Dharmapuri district is highly diversified and the farmers prefer to grow more number of crops across the seasons compared to other maize growing areas. Methods: The present survey envisages the influence of adjacent and border crops on the incidence of fall armyworm in maize. The field incidence of fall armyworm in maize crop surrounded by other crops such as tapioca, nerium, cotton and maize fields with blackgram, cowpea and sesame as border crops were studied during kharif season of 2018 and 2019. Result: The maize fields surrounded by tapioca and nerium crop recorded lower fall armyworm incidence (3.00 - 10.00%) followed by field surrounded by tapioca on either side of maize (4.50 - 14.50%) during 15 to 60 days after emergence. Growing of border crops such as blackgram, sesame and cowpea recorded 24.50, 23.50 and 16.50% incidence at 60 DAE, respectively. With regard to grain yield, no marked variation was observed in different crop combination. The higher return (Rs. 86040/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.65) was observed in maize crop adjacent to tapioca and nerium crop. The lower net return (Rs. 75360/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.36) was realized in maize crop adjacent to maize crop. In most of the management strategies pulses have been inducted either border or intercrop to attract natural enemies and thwart the host insects. In the present survey, tapioca and nerium crop combination reduces the fall armyworm incidence. Hence tapioca and nerium crop combinations can be tried as border crop to push the fall armyworm away from the maize crop. The days required for advanced planting and crop combinations should be studied in detail to devise effective fall armyworm management strategies.

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Effect of pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds on linear sizes and geometric grain characteristics

Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science ◽

10.26898/0370-8799-2021-1-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 18-24

Author(s):

N. G. Vlasenko ◽

S. V. Burlakova

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Consumption Rate ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Trichoderma Viride ◽

Plant Protection Products ◽

Close Correlation ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Sowing Seed ◽

Wheat Seeds

The results of assessing the effect of biological preparations and a seed disinfectant on the technological qualities of grain of soft spring wheat Novosibirskaya 31 are presented. The effectiveness of the use of biological plant protection products was studied in the field experiment, laid down in 2020 in the forest-steppe conditions of the Ob region. Pre-sowing seed treatment included the following options: control (without treatment); Trichodermin, P (Trichoderma viride, titer more than 6 billion spores/g), consumption rate – 15 kg/t seed; Sporobacterin, SP (Bacillus subtilis + Trichoderma viride, strain 4097), consumption rate – 0.5 kg/ton of seeds; Scarlet, ME, chemical standard (imazalil (100 g/l) + tebuconazole (60 g/l), consumption rate – 0.3 l/t of seeds. The use of the preparations contributed to an increase in yield by 0.40 and 0.52 t/ha when using Trichodermin and Sporobacterin, respectively, and by 0.08 t/ha when using fungicide Scarlet. In this case, the mass of 1000 grains increased by 0.84, 0.80 and 0.96 g, respectively, relative to the control. The preparations Trichodermin and Sporobacterin had a significant effect on the growth of grain in length and width relative to the control – by 5.4-6.9 and 9.6%, Scarlet – by 10.6 and 13.9%, respectively. Pre-sowing seed treatment contributed to the growth of such indicators of the caryopsis as volume (by 19.6–29.3%), surface area (by 12.1–19.2%), and sphericity (by 6.3–7.8%). To a greater extent, they increased with the use of fungicide Scarlet. Getting larger grain led to an increase in the endosperm content by 0.76–1.14%. A close correlation has been shown between the indicators of the mass of 1000 grains and the linear grain sizes (r = 0.92–0.98), as well as with the grain volume, sphericity and endosperm content (r = 0.98–0.99). Pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds provides grain with improved technological properties.

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Pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat and spring barley seeds with the extremely high frequencies electromagnetic field

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology ◽

10.15421/2021_9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 62-71

Author(s):

V.V. Bezpal'ko ◽

S.V. Stankevych ◽

A.V. Matsyura

Keyword(s):

Seed Treatment ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Practical Importance ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Positive Tendency ◽

Yield Capacity ◽

Sowing Seed

The increase in the yield capacity of cereal spike crops under the current change of the climatic conditions in Ukraine will have a positive tendency in the nearest future. However, sustainable grain production under sharp weather fluctuations is possible only with the agro-technological systems' improvement. The pre-sowing seed treatment with chemical synthesis pesticides remains the primary method in the agricultural industry today. However, pesticides inevitably have a negative influence on the ecosystem of any level. A more environmentally friendly seed treatment method under the intensive technology is the combination of microwave seed irradiation and seed incrustation with the plant growth regulators that increase the cereal crops' yield capacity up to 15–20 %. It is possible to reduce the negative influence of chemical measures on the quality of the cereal crops seeds by using for the seed treatment a mixture of a treatment agent with the preparations having the stimulating properties. The most promising among all physical methods of the pre-sowing seed treatment is the microwave technology, which suppresses the entire complex of the seed infection and can become an alternative to the chemical method of plant protection. The universal character and practical importance of MW technologies combined with the growth-regulating substances consist not only in the increase in the yield capacity of the field crops but also in reducing the technogenic load on the environment. The peculiarity of EMF of EHF application in agricultural production is the necessity to consider the crops' specific electro-physical, technological, and biological properties. High heterogeneity greatly influences the electromagnetic action energy and the final result.

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Energy dose of sunflower seed treatment in a magnetic field

Energy and automation ◽

10.31548/energiya2021.02.017 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 17-25

Author(s):

V. Savchenko ◽

◽

О. Sinyavsky ◽

I. Bolbot ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Magnetic Induction ◽

Sunflower Seed ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Sunflower Seeds ◽

Germination Energy ◽

Optimal Mode ◽

Energy Dose

Abstract. Pre-sowing treatment of sunflower seeds in a magnetic field makes it possible to improve the sowing quality of seeds and increase the yield of sunflower without the use of mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products. Compared to other electrophysical methods, pre-sowing treatment of seeds in a magnetic field is a highly productive, energy-consuming, safe method for operating personnel and the environment. It has now been established that the yield and biometric indicators of agricultural crops depend on the dose of magnetic treatment. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the optimal energy dose for processing sunflower seeds in a magnetic field. An analytical expression has been obtained for determining the energy dose of sunflower seed treatment in a magnetic field. It contains all the operating parameters of seed treatment in a magnetic field. It has been established that the energy dose of sunflower seeds treatment in a magnetic field depends in direct proportion to the square of the magnetic induction and pole division and inversely to the speed of the seeds in the magnetic field. The carried out multifactorial experiment made it possible to determine the sunflower seeds germination energy and germination at various energy doses of treatment. This made it possible to determine the optimal mode of sunflower seeds treatment in a magnetic field. It was found that the optimal mode of pre-sowing treatment of sunflower seeds in a magnetic field is a magnetic induction of 0.065 T, four-fold re-magnetization, pole division 0.23 m, a seed velocity of 0.4 m/s, providing an energy treatment of 3.8 J‧s/kg. With the optimal treatment of sunflower seeds in a magnetic field, the germination energy increased by 28 %, the germination – by 24 %, and the yield – by 26 %. Key words: sunflower, pre-sowing treatment, magnetic field, magnetic induction, pole division, velocity of seed movement, energy dose of treatment

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