Spring barley varieties and perspective ranges laboratory screening against artificially created salinity stress backgrounds

The results of salinity resistance assessment of 5 spring barley ranges (Hordeum vulgare L.) Grass family (Poaceae) - Yaromir, Nadezhny, Znatny, Zlatoyar, and 9 types of own plant-breeding lines which are supposed to be perspective for the future use are given in this article. NaCl impact in the concentration of 0.7 and 0.9 mPa (0.98 and 1.26% NaCl) on seed germination and morphological indicators such as length and quantity of roots, length of seedlings were studied. The salinity stress resulted in the inhibitions of the roots length and seedlings in the provocative background if to compare with the control group background samples. At the concentration of 0.7 mPa salinity resistance value varied from 62.4 to 96.6% which corresponds to 1-2 salinity resistance groups. At the concentration of 0.9 mPa salinity resistance varied from 27.9 to 80.8% which corresponds to 1-3 salinity resistance groups. The yield capacity and adaptive qualities were examined on the initial data basis. Thus, there was a correlation dependence at both of sodium chloride concentrations revealed between the yield capacity of the field experience samples and the laboratory test samples.

Subsoil Melioration with Organic Material—Principle, Technology and Yield Effects

An increasing challenge for agriculture in times of climate change is to sustainably ensure or increase the yield capacity of crop production. Low-yielding sites are particularly at risk in this respect. One strategy to counteract is to promote the use of the subsoil. This article describes the technical procedure and development of an implement for stripe-wise subsoil melioration with application of compost in a layer of 30–60 cm. These stripes are each 30 cm wide and 70 cm apart. A technology has been developed for process, which allows the described procedure to be used over a large area. The melioration is carried out in one pass by an implement in an arrangement of 3 rows resulting in a working width of 3 m. A hopper on top of the implements frame includes an embedded hydraulic system to feed compost into the injection coulter. Results from 4-year field trials with standard crop rotations verify yield increases of up to 20% still 5 years after melioration. An overview of these trials and results will also be presented.

Recent hydrological droughts in Brazil and their impacts on energy security

Brazil is heavily reliant on water resources. Hydroelectric plants generate about 64% of all electricity consumed. To increase yield capacity, a 2050 expansion is also planned. 78% of water used is for agriculture (irrigation and livestock), 9% for industry, and 9.1% for urban supply. However, the country has endured the worst droughts in recorded history over the last two decades, resulting in severe socioeconomic and environmental impacts. The purpose of this study was to determine the current state of knowledge regarding hydrological drought patterns, hydrometeorological factors, and their effects on the country’s hydroelectric power plants. Droughts have occurred in most of Brazil’s regions since 2014/15, causing severe impacts in many of the basins studied. Now that most hydroelectric power plants are operating at a fraction of their total capacity, the country’s hydroelectric generation is been impacted.

Responses and screening of white jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) genotypes against salinity stresses

Soil salinity, a serious threat to jute cultivation in saline areas (southern parts) of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI) has developed a moderately salt tolerant White Jute variety (BJRI Deshi pat-8; BJC 2197) in 2013 which can’t grow well in saline areas having more than 8.0 dSm-1 salinity stress. Hence, 23 whitejute accessions and one control variety (BJC 2197) were tested to isolate the salt tolerant accession(s) for hybridization purpose followed by augmented design in farmers’ field having nearly 8.0-9.0 dSm-1 salinity at Patuakhali district during mid-March to mid-August 2019. The experimental plot size was 3.0 m2 (3 m × 1 m) for each genotype having 3 lines of 1.0 m length, plant-plant: 10-15 cm and line- line: 30 cm distance. Soil salinity was recorded during sowing, vegetative and plant maturity stages. In this study, the highest plant height 2.84 m was recorded in Acc. 2750 followed by Acc. 2589 (2.76 m) and Acc. 1779 (2.69 m). The highest fiber yield (9.0 g plant-1) was observed in Acc. 1779 followed by Acc. 2589 (8.40 g plant-1) and Acc. 2750 (8.0 g plant-1). The lowest plant mortality rate (2.5%) was found in Acc.2750 followed by Acc.1779 (6.24%), Acc. 1780 (7.50), Acc. 3556 (11.10%), Acc. 2589 (11.20%) and BJC 2197 (16.5%). Few seeds were germinated in Acc. 3020 and Acc. 3658 but plants were died after 20 days of sowing. Six genotypes of cluster I showed higher diversity in Euclidean cluster analysis. The Acc. 2750, Acc. 1779, Acc. 2589 of cluster I having relative salinity tolerance and good fiber yield capacity would be grown in next year for confirmation as well as hybridization with the existing salinity susceptible variety to develop high yielding white jute variety for saline areas.

Production and Acreage Growth and Seasonality in Rice in Bangladesh

Bangladesh is facing noticeable risks to self-reliance in rice production, considering the population and its future demand, land scarcity, intensity of natural disaster, soil degradation, global warming. In Bangladesh, rice is cultivated in three seasons which are known as Aus, Aman, and Boro. Considering the year from 1971 to 2015, the area of cultivation growth rate of Aus, Aman, and Boro were -3.4 percent, -0.01 percent, and 4.29 percent, respectively. The yearly yield growth rate of Aus, Aman and Boro were 2.13 percent, 2.48 percent, and 1.8 percent, respectively and production growth rate of Aus, Aman, and Boro were -1.3 percent, 2.45 percent, and 6.9 percent, respectively. During the period, overall rice cultivation area increased at the rate of 1.23 percent, the yield capacity increased at 3.42 percent. The total production increased at the rate of 4.19 percent. The yearly cultivated area growth of rice was 0.31 percent, yield growth was 2.9 percent, and production growth was 3.27 percent. The study found that Boro season rice contributed 2.29 times higher production compared to Aus, and 2.24 times to Aman.

Influence of Growing Medium on the Parameters and Yield Capacity of the Mini Tuber Potato of the Charoite Variety

The creation of original seed grains of the Charoite variety, healed of pathogenic infections of various etiologies, was carried out through reproduction of the certified meristematic material of the microplants class. Mini tubers microplants were grown in 5.5 liter vessels on a “Agrobalt S” soil (control) mixed with peat and supplemented with 10% and 20% (of the volume) of the “ORVI” substrate. The use of the substrate “ORVI” mixed with peat and “Agrobalt S” soil positively influenced the growth, development and formation of tubers. The appliance of 10% of the “ORVI” substrate significantly increased the quantitative yield of mini tubers by 17% and the weight of tubers by 12.3%. The increase in the total number of mini tubers was due to the increase in tuber fraction from 10 to 30 mm. The appliance of a 20% “ORVI” substrate also led to an increase in the total number and mass of mini tubers. According to the EIA results, the mini tubers grown from microplants did not contain any latent viral infection. Tests on the seeds did not reveal symptoms of fungal diseases. Keywords: breed, potatoes, mini tubers, mass of tubers, peat fertilizer, substrate

THE MODELING OF THE YIELDING CAPACITY OF WINTER CEREALS DUE TO SATELLITE MONITORING DATA OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS IN UKRAINE

The paper reveals the method of work in the geoinformation system Crop Monitoring on the basis of satellite monitoring data on the example of comparison of two neighboring land uses outside Bortkiv village council of Zolochiv district of Lviv region. One has determined the size of the areas of crops of winter cereals and deduced the dependence between the index of the vegetative index NDVI and their yield capacity on the basis of the estimation of the state of land use by the processing of space information. One has suggested to take into account the value of NDVI when calculating the yield of winter cereals using mathematical modeling. The results obtained from the satellite monitoring data are proposed to be used for the planning of winter cerels yields, determining the area of their sowing and optimizing the harvesting time.

Study on some biological characteristics and yield capacity of milky mushroom (Calocybe indica) cultivated on different substrates at Quy Nhon University

The aim of this study was to determine the ability of growth, yield for Milky mushroom (Calocybe indica) cultivated under climatic conditions in Binh Dinh province. Milky mushroom were cultivated on four different substrates: sawdust + alluvial soil (treatment 1); sawdust + alluvial soil + rice husk ash (treatment 2); sawdust + loamy soil (treatment 3); sawdust + loamy soil + rice husk ash (treatment 4). The experiment was carried out in a 30 m2 in two seasons: rainy and sunny season. The highest economic yields were obtained 640.93 kg/1000 spawned bags with net profit of 17.927.200 VND for treatment 2 in rainy season and 590.4 kg/1000 spawned bags with 15.906.000VND profit in the duration of 3.5 months. Generally, research results showed that Milky mushroom is suitable with cultivated condition in Quy Nhơn of Binh Dinh province contributing to the enrichment of mushroom cultivated in province.

Pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat and spring barley seeds with the extremely high frequencies electromagnetic field

The increase in the yield capacity of cereal spike crops under the current change of the climatic conditions in Ukraine will have a positive tendency in the nearest future. However, sustainable grain production under sharp weather fluctuations is possible only with the agro-technological systems' improvement. The pre-sowing seed treatment with chemical synthesis pesticides remains the primary method in the agricultural industry today. However, pesticides inevitably have a negative influence on the ecosystem of any level. A more environmentally friendly seed treatment method under the intensive technology is the combination of microwave seed irradiation and seed incrustation with the plant growth regulators that increase the cereal crops' yield capacity up to 15–20 %. It is possible to reduce the negative influence of chemical measures on the quality of the cereal crops seeds by using for the seed treatment a mixture of a treatment agent with the preparations having the stimulating properties. The most promising among all physical methods of the pre-sowing seed treatment is the microwave technology, which suppresses the entire complex of the seed infection and can become an alternative to the chemical method of plant protection. The universal character and practical importance of MW technologies combined with the growth-regulating substances consist not only in the increase in the yield capacity of the field crops but also in reducing the technogenic load on the environment. The peculiarity of EMF of EHF application in agricultural production is the necessity to consider the crops' specific electro-physical, technological, and biological properties. High heterogeneity greatly influences the electromagnetic action energy and the final result.