scholarly journals Pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat and spring barley seeds with the extremely high frequencies electromagnetic field

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
V.V. Bezpal'ko ◽  
S.V. Stankevych ◽  
A.V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
Yield Capacity ◽  
Sowing Seed

The increase in the yield capacity of cereal spike crops under the current change of the climatic conditions in Ukraine will have a positive tendency in the nearest future. However, sustainable grain production under sharp weather fluctuations is possible only with the agro-technological systems' improvement. The pre-sowing seed treatment with chemical synthesis pesticides remains the primary method in the agricultural industry today. However, pesticides inevitably have a negative influence on the ecosystem of any level. A more environmentally friendly seed treatment method under the intensive technology is the combination of microwave seed irradiation and seed incrustation with the plant growth regulators that increase the cereal crops' yield capacity up to 15–20 %. It is possible to reduce the negative influence of chemical measures on the quality of the cereal crops seeds by using for the seed treatment a mixture of a treatment agent with the preparations having the stimulating properties. The most promising among all physical methods of the pre-sowing seed treatment is the microwave technology, which suppresses the entire complex of the seed infection and can become an alternative to the chemical method of plant protection. The universal character and practical importance of MW technologies combined with the growth-regulating substances consist not only in the increase in the yield capacity of the field crops but also in reducing the technogenic load on the environment. The peculiarity of EMF of EHF application in agricultural production is the necessity to consider the crops' specific electro-physical, technological, and biological properties. High heterogeneity greatly influences the electromagnetic action energy and the final result.

scholarly journals Effect of pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds on linear sizes and geometric grain characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
N. G. Vlasenko ◽  
S. V. Burlakova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The results of assessing the effect of biological preparations and a seed disinfectant on the technological qualities of grain of soft spring wheat Novosibirskaya 31 are presented. The effectiveness of the use of biological plant protection products was studied in the field experiment, laid down in 2020 in the forest-steppe conditions of the Ob region. Pre-sowing seed treatment included the following options: control (without treatment); Trichodermin, P (Trichoderma viride, titer more than 6 billion spores/g), consumption rate – 15 kg/t seed; Sporobacterin, SP (Bacillus subtilis + Trichoderma viride, strain 4097), consumption rate – 0.5 kg/ton of seeds; Scarlet, ME, chemical standard (imazalil (100 g/l) + tebuconazole (60 g/l), consumption rate – 0.3 l/t of seeds. The use of the preparations contributed to an increase in yield by 0.40 and 0.52 t/ha when using Trichodermin and Sporobacterin, respectively, and by 0.08 t/ha when using fungicide Scarlet. In this case, the mass of 1000 grains increased by 0.84, 0.80 and 0.96 g, respectively, relative to the control. The preparations Trichodermin and Sporobacterin had a significant effect on the growth of grain in length and width relative to the control – by 5.4-6.9 and 9.6%, Scarlet – by 10.6 and 13.9%, respectively. Pre-sowing seed treatment contributed to the growth of such indicators of the caryopsis as volume (by 19.6–29.3%), surface area (by 12.1–19.2%), and sphericity (by 6.3–7.8%). To a greater extent, they increased with the use of fungicide Scarlet. Getting larger grain led to an increase in the endosperm content by 0.76–1.14%. A close correlation has been shown between the indicators of the mass of 1000 grains and the linear grain sizes (r = 0.92–0.98), as well as with the grain volume, sphericity and endosperm content (r = 0.98–0.99). Pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds provides grain with improved technological properties.

scholarly journals Application of salicylic acid in growing beta vulgaris l. plants in the context of sustainable agricultural production

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Olga Tsvilynyuk ◽  
◽  
Liliia Telehii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Excess Moisture ◽  
Sowing Seed

The use of synthetic phytohormones is a promising technology for intensification and greening of agricultural production. Salicylic acid, among the others, is of particular interest. It causes anti-stress activity in plants in response to various adverse environmental factors in the laboratory. The analysis of the results of model field experiments showed that the use of salicylic acid for pre-sowing treatment of beet seeds varieties "Detroit" and "Egyptian flat" improves the habitus of mature plants, increases their water conservation capacity under adverse growth conditions (concentration 1•10-4 M). In adverse climatic conditions (initially excess moisture, and during the period of active growth and accumulation of nutrients - drought), the mass of the roots of both varieties of beets doubled under the influence of salicylic acid at a concentration of 1•10-5 M and increased 1.7 times at a concentration of 1•10-4 M (Detroit beets). This indicates a variety-specific reaction of beet plants to different concentrations of salicylic acid used for pre-sowing seed treatment. The use of salicylic acid in the cultivation of beets can become a priority in the transition of agriculture to the principles of sustainable development in a changing climate.

scholarly journals SECONDARY METABOLITES OF HIGHER PLANTS AS GROWTH REGULATORS FOR ONIONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Borovskaia ◽  
N. A. Mashcenсo ◽  
A. V. Gumaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Iridoid Glycosides ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
The Impact

Possibility of pre-sowing seed treatment with growth regulators of steroid and iridoid nature has been studied while growing onions. In the experiment, an "ecostim" preparation has been used for the pre-sowing treatment of onion seeds, the active ingredient of which is the glycoside of the steroid nature of tomatosides isolated from the seeds of Solanum lycopersicum L., as well as the sum of iridoid glycosides (linarosides) from Linaria vulgaris Mill. To identify the technological parameters of the use of plant growth bio-regulators preliminary testing has been conducted in the Laboratory of Natural Bio-Regulators of the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, A comparison of the effectiveness of the compounds obtained on the germination of onion seeds has shown that the greatest stimulation has been achieved by using low concentrations (0.0001% - 0.001%) of tomatoside solutions (eostimis preparation) and higher concentrations (0.005% - 0.01%0 of linarosides. Production tests have been carried out in the field in the Pridnestrovian Research Institute of Agriculture. Variety specificity of the impact of natural bio-regulators has been determined by the example of 3 varieties of onions, different in terms of maturation, resistance, etc. (Pinguin, Diamant and Chalcedon). It has been proved that the effect of the tested growth regulators has a pronounced varietal specificity and mainly is determined by the early maturity of the variety. It has been found that the compounds studied were most effective when growing onions under unfavorable conditions, and the amount of iridoid glycosides from the linaria had a greater stimulating effect compared with the tomatoside. Seed treatment with bio-regulators has provided the simultaneous emergence of seedlings, the leveling in growth and development of plants, as well as increased the yield of onions by 27.6% - 41.3%.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of pre-sowing seed treatment in the fight against diseases of grain sorghum

2021 ◽  
Vol 212 (09) ◽  
pp. 2-10
Author(s):  
Marina Kincharova ◽  
Evgeniy Matvienko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Systemic Action ◽  
Sowing Seed

Abstract. The aim of this work is to investigate the composition of pathogenic mycoflora on seeds of grain sorghum in the Samara region and to study the effectiveness of dressing agents against pathogens in laboratory conditions. Research methodology and methods. The research was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of innovative technologies in breeding, seed production and seed science of the Volga NIISS, a branch of the SamSC RAS. The objects of research were two varieties of grain sorghum Ros’ and Kinel’skoe 63. Determination of the population of seeds by pathogenic organisms was carried out by the method of a wet chamber with their preliminary placement on corrugated filter paper in boxes with natural ventilation using the technique according to GOST 12044-93 and subsequent microscopy. To study the effect of plant protection chemicals, the seeds were treated with moisture (at the rate of 10 l/tons) with preparations of contact-systemic action Celeste Maks and Vitaros; contact – TMTD and Maksim; and systemic action - Armor. Untreated seeds were used as a control. The repetition is fourfold. Results. Correct diagnosis and knowledge of the causes of the onset of the disease, the peculiarities of the development of a particular pathogen will be the basis for the successful implementation of protective and preventive measures. Phytopathological examination of grain sorghum seeds, carried out by us in 2019–2020, shows that the most common fungi found on grain sorghum seeds are Cladosporium sp., Trichothecium roseum, Mucor sp., Penicillium sp. It has been established that dressing agents with varying efficiency – from 75.8 to 97.6 % reduce the contamination of seed material. Scientific novelty. A phytopathological assessment of grain sorghum seeds was carried out in relation to the conditions of the Samara region and the most effective preparations for pre-sowing treatment of grain sorghum were determined to reduce the damage to plants by diseases.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENTS AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL RECEPTIONS GROWING ALFALFA SOWING

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Nataliia Telekalo ◽  
Maryna Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Sum Of Active Temperatures

The publication highlights the results of studies examining the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment, the timing and combination of the introduction of growth stimulants and microfertilizers in crops on the passage of phases of growth and development of alfalfa sowing. The properties of plants in agrophytocenoses are determined by their genetic characteristics and environmental factors that affect the body. The biological peculiarities of alfalfa sowing, the basic regularities of its growth and development, namely the passage of the vegetation phases, the evaluation of the crop, which made it possible to develop methods of cultivation technology, taking into account the biology of plants to change climatic conditions. The processes of growth, development of alfalfa of the Sinyukh cultivar, depending on the seed treatment with the growth stimulants of Lucis and Saprohum and foliar fertilizers during the vegetation period of plants, were investigated. The peculiarities of the phases of growth and development of alfalfa plants in the sowing year in comparison with the growth and development of the second and subsequent years of vegetation are determined. The influence of ecological conditions of the environment - the temperature of vegetation renewal, the accumulation of the sum of active temperatures, on the growth and development of alfalfa of the second and subsequent years of vegetation has been established. It was established that the earliest attainment of seeds was characterized by the variant of sowing with a stimulator of Lucyse growth in the branching and budding phase + fertilizing the sowing in the budding phase with microfertilizers Harvesting beans – on the 155th day of vegetation with the accumulation of the sum of active temperatures of 1945 ºС. The influence of pre-sowing seed treatment of alfalfa cultivar Sinyukh in all phases of growth and development and dynamics of accumulation of active temperatures during the growing season were evaluated. As a result of the research, new technological regulations for the use of bio-organic preparations and components in the technological scheme of growing alfalfa sowing have been developed. The research results are aimed at solving actual problems of technological renewal and development of agro-industrial complex on the basis of development of bioorganic models of varietal technology of cultivation of alfalfa sowing with orientation at the level of adequate arable productivity and climate fertility. Key words: alfalfa sowing, growth and development phases, Saprogum, сrop, legumes, environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Protection of Scots Pine Planting Stock and Forest Plantations against Diseases and Pests in Belarus

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
Sergei Prahodsky ◽  
Valery Kaplich ◽  
Dmitry Voitka
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Load Monitoring ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Main Components

Abstract The aim of this research is the monitoring of diseases of Scots pine in the plantings and forest stands in the Republic of Belarus depending on the species composition of pests, their biology and the effectiveness of various methods of plant protection. Significant loss of plants for planting is associated with the spread of pathogens causing damage to seedlings, mainly from the genus Fusarium, Alternaria and Botrytis. The most abundant pests of Scots pine are Coleoptera and Lepidoptera groups representing 16 and 8 species, accordingly. Numerous species represent Curculionidae, Scarabaeidae and Tortricidae family. The main components of an effective system of measures, as an integral part of the technology of growing of planting material of Scots pine in containers, are pre-sowing seed treatment with fungicides, stimulating the growth and development of seedlings. The elaborated system of protective measures of forest plantations is based on the prevalence, phenology of pests, estimation of phytopathogenic load, monitoring of diseases and seasonal climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Aphids of the genus Diuraphis caught by Johnson suction trap in Poznań, Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-330
Author(s):  
Przemysław Strażyński ◽  
Maria Ruszkowska ◽  
Arleta Krówczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
National Research Institute ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Suction Trap

AbstractIn 1973-2011 in Poznań, aphid catches were carried out using Johnson’s suction trap. Since then the suction trap located at the Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute in Poznań has continuously recorded the daily and seasonal dynamics of aphid flights. The collected results has been used to establish one of the largest databases of this type in Europe. The data also allow tracking changes in aphid biodiversity under the changing climatic conditions. Three aphid species of Diuraphis spp. were identified: D. muehlei (Börner, 1950) - in 1974, D. bromicola (Hille Ris Lambers, 1959) - in 1988, D. noxia (Kurdjumov, 1913) - in 2003 as a result of systematic and long-term aphid collections. The occurrence of D. noxia presents a particular risk to cereal crops in Poland. This expansive aphid species that originates from Asia and the Mediterranean is a vector of Barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDV), and has become one of the most important pest of wheat and barley in the world. Changes in climatic conditions that have been observed in recent years in Poland such as hot summer, long and warm autumn, mild winter seem to be optimal for occurrence and development of aphid species from warmer parts of Europe.

scholarly journals METHODS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE APPLICATION OF BIOLOGICAL PESTICIDES IN CROP MANAGEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Guzel' Agieva ◽  
Lyubov Nizhegorodtseva ◽  
Roderik Zhil' Klare Diabankana ◽  
Arina Abramova ◽  
Radik Safin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Pathogen Control ◽  
The Impact

The use of biological pesticides for protecting plants from various infectious diseases and controlling abiotic stresses is becoming increasingly widespread in various agricultural crops. However, the effectiveness of biological plant protection is strongly dependent on various factors, in particular on weather conditions. To increase the impact of the use of biological products in plant protection against diseases, it is necessary to search for new approaches. One of the ways to increase the return on the use of biological products is the use of special adaptogens that increase the resistance of biological agents of biopesticides to the negative influence of the external environment. The Kazan State Agrarian University developed an adaptogen for bioagents of biological products based on alcohol extracts of millet. In 2019, on spring barley, the use of their mixtures with an adaptogen when spraying with biological products made it possible to increase the yield per 1,75 t / ha in comparison with the control and per 0,36 t / ha when using only biological products. At the same time, the effectiveness of control of the main leaf mycoses increased In 2020, studies were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of biological products with the addition of the silicon-containing mineral diatomite when spraying barley plants. It has been established that the use of such formulations makes it possible to increase the productivity of plants, enhance the effectiveness of pathogen control in comparison with a standard biofungicide

scholarly journals Effect of different nanoscale microelements containing formulations for seed treatment on germination and growth of maize seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 723
Author(s):  
Đào Trọng Hiền
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Commercial Fertilizer ◽  
Environmental Technology ◽  
Edta Complexes ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Germination And Growth

Effect of the nutrient formulations for pre-sowing seed treatment on germination and growth of maize seedlings was studied. The formulations comprised separate copper nanoparticles (NanoCu), IET1- based on a Novalon Seed Treatment product, IET2 - based on humate metal-organic-coordination complexes (MOC), Nualgi – based on nano silica, wherein microelements were adsorbed on the surface of the silica nanoparticles, and formulations with microelements in a form of Metal-EDTA complexes, based on commercial fertilizer products of Novalon, Wuxal and Comex companies. Results of the study showed that all the tested formulations, except for the separate nanocopper formulation, demonstrated visibly higher stimulation effects on the maize seedlings growth, among which the nanoscale microelements-containing seeds treatment formulations produced in Institute of Environmental Technology (IET1 and IET2) exhibited the best growth indices although non-significantly differed as compared with the control. The experimental data presented also proved that for obtaining stable stimulation effects on the plant growth kinetics instead of using separate nanosized microelement it is preferable to use complex formulations, wherein besides of microelements there are other components included such as plant regulators, amino- and carboxylic acids, plant protection agents etc.

scholarly journals The influence of methods of pre-sowing seed treatment and weather condition on the yield of standart bean varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
L.M. Potashova ◽  
Yu.M. Potashov
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Yield Capacity ◽  
Sowing Seed

The results of 18-year researches of influence of pre-sowing seed treatment methods and weather conditions on yield capacity of trunk varieties of beans of Pervomaisk and Dokuchaevsk are given. The pre-sowing seed treatment was carried out in two ways: on control - moistening with water, on other variants - inoculation with a suspension of strains of nodule bacteria. It has been established that over the years of the research the average yield of Pervomaisk beans was 1,68 t/ha in the control, in the variant with the most active rhizobia strains – 1,93 t/ha; Dokuchaevskaya variety yield capacity made up 1,72 and 1,95 t/ha, respectively. During the bean growing season, such climatic indicators as the amount of theb precipitation, the sum of the active temperatures, the hydrothermal coefficient, the relative humidity of the average and minimum, the minimum temperature on the soil surface, the maximum wind speed have been determined. The correlation and regression analysis proved that the yield capacity of beans is most affected by the amount of precipitation and the sum of the active temperatures for the period from sowing to harvesting. It is the indicator of their joint action - the hydrothermal coefficient that most significantly correlates with the yield capacity (r = 0,50–0,58). Key words: beans, trunk varieties, inoculation, rhizobia strains, yield capacity, weather conditions, correlation.

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