Inheritance and mechanism of glyphosate resistance in annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.)

The grasses or Poaceae (Gramineae) comprise some 9,000 species grouped into about 650 taxa. Although not the largest, the family is ecologically the most dominant and economically the most important in the world (Heywood 1993).

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Control ofPoa annuaby Suppression of Seedheads with Growth Regulators

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500043873 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 224-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

T. L. Watschke ◽

F. W. Long ◽

J. M. Duich

Keyword(s):

Dicarboxylic Acid ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Poa Annua ◽

Pollen Quality ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Fertile Pollen ◽

Materials Used ◽

Number Of Seeds

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the degree to which annual bluegrass (Poa annuaL.) could be controlled by inhibiting seedheads. The materials used were: MH (1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione); chlorflurenol (methyl 2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate), plus methyl 9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate, and methyl 2,7-dichloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate; and endothall [7-oxabicyclo (2.2.1) heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid]. The effects of these materials on pollen quality and the viability of seed produced by treated plants were also determined. For all chemicals used, multiple applications at low rates resulted in better seedhead inhibition than single treatments at higher rates and their effects lasted longer. However, treatments that inhibited seedheads by an amount predicted to reduce annual bluegrass (more than 75%) often caused objectionable foliar discoloration. Endothall, particularly the granular formulation, caused excessive injury at all rates. All growth regulators reduced the number of seed produced, which affected the number of seeds that germinated from soil that was taken from treated plots. The number of seed found in the soil was sufficient to allow the stand to be self-perpetuating. All treatments reduced the percentage of fertile pollen, however, this reduction was not significant because the germination of seed harvested from treated plants was not reduced significantly. Even though these treatments reduced seedheads significantly, the population of annual bluegrass the following year was not reduced.

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Herbicides for Container Grown Nursery Stock

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500065929 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 261-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. F. Ryan

Keyword(s):

Poa Annua ◽

Senecio Vulgaris ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Nursery Stock ◽

Common Groundsel

Over a 3-yr period 10 herbicides were tested alone or in combination for control of weeds and for effects on growth of nursery stock in containers. Annual bluegrass (Poa annuaL.) was controlled by norea [3-(hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan-5-yl)-1,1-dimethylurea], alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide], and combinations of diphenamid (N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamid), trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), and nitralin [4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline] plus simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine]. Bittercress (Cardamine oligospermaNutt.) was controlled by simazine, oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-Δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one], and norflurazon [4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone]. Mouseear chickweed (Cerastium vulgatumL.) was controlled by dichlobenil (2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile) and norflurazon, and common groundsel (Senecio vulgarisL.) was controlled by dichlobenil and norflurazon. Some of the treatments decreased growth of certain nursery cultivars.

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Amino Acid and Protein Changes during Cold Acclimation of Green‐Type Annual Bluegrass ( Poa annua L.) Ecotypes

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2001.1862 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 1862-1870 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Julie Dionne ◽

Yves Castonguay ◽

Paul Nadeau ◽

Yves Desjardins

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Cold Acclimation ◽

Poa Annua ◽

Annual Bluegrass

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Herbicide Programs for Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua L.) Control in Nebraska

cftm ◽

10.2134/cftm2015.0221 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. cftm2015.0221 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zachary Reicher ◽

Matt Sousek ◽

Matt Giese

Keyword(s):

Poa Annua ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Herbicide Programs

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Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Amicarbazone in Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua), Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), and Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-12-00136.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 217-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Jialin Yu ◽

Patrick E. McCullough ◽

William K. Vencill

Keyword(s):

Tall Fescue ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Creeping Bentgrass ◽

Agrostis Stolonifera ◽

Poa Annua ◽

Physiological Effects ◽

Cool Season ◽

Foliar Absorption ◽

Annual Bluegrass

Amicarbazone controls annual bluegrass in cool-season turfgrasses but physiological effects that influence selectivity have received limited investigation. The objective of this research was to evaluate uptake, translocation, and metabolism of amicarbazone in these species. Annual bluegrass, creeping bentgrass, and tall fescue required < 3, 56, and 35 h to reach 50% foliar absorption, respectively. At 72 h after treatment (HAT), annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass translocated 73 and 70% of root-absorbed14C to shoots, respectively, while tall fescue only distributed 55%. Annual bluegrass recovered ≈ 50% more root-absorbed14C in shoots than creeping bentgrass and tall fescue. Creeping bentgrass and tall fescue metabolism of amicarbazone was ≈ 2-fold greater than annual bluegrass from 1 to 7 d after treatment (DAT). Results suggest greater absorption, more distribution, and less metabolism of amicarbazone in annual bluegrass, compared to creeping bentgrass and tall fescue, could be attributed to selectivity of POST applications.

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Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Biotypes Exhibit Differential Levels of Susceptibility and Biochemical Responses to Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitors

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/wsc.2018.30 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (5) ◽

pp. 574-580 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jialin Yu ◽

Patrick E. McCullough ◽

Mark A. Czarnota

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Poa Annua ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Biochemical Responses ◽

Inhibitor Resistance

AbstractAn annual bluegrass (Poa annuaL.) biotype with limited susceptibility to POST flumioxazin applications was identified in Georgia. The objectives of this research were to quantify tolerance levels of this biotype (R-biotype) to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors and characterize physiological responses to flumioxazin. In dose–response experiments on 3- to 5-tiller plants, flumioxazin and sulfentrazone rates required to reduce dry-shoot biomass 50% from the nontreated were >14.5 and 10.4 times greater for the R-biotype, as compared with a susceptible (S)-biotype, respectively. Establishment of the R-biotype from seed was completely controlled by PRE applications of flumioxazin and oxadiazon, similar to the S-biotype. Tank mixtures of chlorpyrifos with flumioxazin did not enhance biomass reductions of the R-biotype, suggesting that tolerance levels may not be related to cytochrome P450–associated metabolism. In laboratory experiments, the R-biotype averaged 27% less electrolyte leakage, as compared with the S-biotype, after flumioxazin treatments. Lipid peroxidation in the R-biotype, as measured by malondialdehyde levels, averaged 25% less than the S-biotype at 72 h after broadcast flumioxazin treatments at 280 and 560 g ha−1. The tolerance to POST applications of PPO inhibitors in thisP. annuabiotype is associated with less lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage as compared with the S-biotype. These biochemical differences in biotypes may contribute to erratic levels of POST control from flumioxazin and could contribute to PPO-inhibitor resistance.

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