scholarly journals Performance metrics for guidance active constraints in surgical robotics

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Enayati ◽  
Giancarlo Ferrigno ◽  
Elena De Momi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Surgical Robotics ◽  
Active Constraints

Criterion setting for objective, fourier analysis based pilot performance metrics

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas R. Johnson ◽  
Esa M. Rantanen ◽  
Donald A. Talleur
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Criterion Setting

Framework for rare event detection using Artificial Neural Network based context free grammar

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8463-8475
Author(s):  
Palanivel Srinivasan ◽  
Manivannan Doraipandian
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Event Detection ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Rare Events ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Video Stream ◽  
Context Free Grammar ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Context Free

Rare event detections are performed using spatial domain and frequency domain-based procedures. Omnipresent surveillance camera footages are increasing exponentially due course the time. Monitoring all the events manually is an insignificant and more time-consuming process. Therefore, an automated rare event detection contrivance is required to make this process manageable. In this work, a Context-Free Grammar (CFG) is developed for detecting rare events from a video stream and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used to train CFG. A set of dedicated algorithms are used to perform frame split process, edge detection, background subtraction and convert the processed data into CFG. The developed CFG is converted into nodes and edges to form a graph. The graph is given to the input layer of an ANN to classify normal and rare event classes. Graph derived from CFG using input video stream is used to train ANN Further the performance of developed Artificial Neural Network Based Context-Free Grammar – Rare Event Detection (ACFG-RED) is compared with other existing techniques and performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, sensitivity, recall, average processing time and average processing power are used for performance estimation and analyzed. Better performance metrics values have been observed for the ANN-CFG model compared with other techniques. The developed model will provide a better solution in detecting rare events using video streams.

Education and the Relation to the Outside: A Little Real Reality

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Savat ◽  
Greg Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Massive Open Online Courses ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Massive Open Online ◽  
Transformative Teaching ◽  
Control Society ◽  
Brave New World ◽  
Radical Transformation

One of the more dominant themes around the use of Deleuze and Guattari's work, including in this special issue, is a focus on the radical transformation that educational institutions are undergoing, and which applies to administrator, student and educator alike. This is a transformation that finds its expression through teaching analytics, transformative teaching, massive open online courses (MOOCs) and updateable performance metrics alike. These techniques and practices, as an expression of control society, constitute the new sorts of machines that frame and inhabit our educational institutions. As Deleuze and Guattari's work posits, on some level these are precisely the machines that many people in their day-to-day work as educators, students and administrators assemble and maintain, that is, desire. The meta-model of schizoanalysis is ideally placed to analyse this profound shift that is occurring in society, felt closely in the so-called knowledge sector where a brave new world of continuous education and motivation is instituting itself.

Surgical robotics in neurosurgery

2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (36) ◽  
pp. 1701-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Haidegger ◽  
Zoltán Benyó
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Robotics

Robotizált rendszereket az egészségügyben elsőként rehabilitációra és végtagpótlásra használtak, majd fokozatosan megjelentek az invazív beavatkozásokat segítő eszközök. Az Amerikai Egyesült Államokban 2008-ban becslések szerint a radikális prosztataeltávolítások több mint 70%-át robottal végezték, és jelentős áttörést értek el veseeltávolításoknál, gastrointestinalis és ortopédiai beavatkozásoknál, valamint szív- és gyereksebészetnél is. Az idegsebészet volt a sebészrobotok legelső alkalmazási területe, és mára már több tucat különböző rendszert fejlesztettek, amelyek eltérő módokon igyekeznek megfelelni a szigorú biztonsági és pontossági követelményeknek. Jelen közlemény célja, hogy röviden ismertesse a manapság leginkább elterjedt idegsebészeti robotokat, fő előnyeiket és korlátaikat. Egy-egy konkrét példán keresztül ismertetjük a legfontosabb fejlesztési stratégiákat, amelyek révén új beavatkozások végrehajtására nyílik lehetőség. Részletesen tárgyaljuk az amerikai Johns Hopkins Universityn fejlesztett új, agyalapi műtétek hatékony támogatására szolgáló rendszert, amely jól példázza, milyen előnyökkel járhat a modern technika megfelelő alkalmazása. E kutatás célja a koponyafúrással járó operációk pontosabbá és biztonságosabbá tétele egy NeuroMate sztereotaktilis robot és StealthStation műtéti navigációs rendszer integrálásával. Laboratóriumi körülmények között végzett kísérletek azt mutatták, hogy a rendszer hatékony segítséget adhat. A robotra szerelt fúró erő/nyomaték irányítás révén, érzékelők segítségével folyamatosan követi a sebész kezének mozgását. A betegek preoperatív orvosi képein meghatározott virtuális határok és fejlett valós idejű vizualizáció segítik a műtétet. Ezek a funkciók együttesen nagymértékben javítják a beavatkozások pontosságát, csökkentik azok idejét, és jelentősen megkönnyítik a sebész feladatát.

Classification of methods for generating pseudo-CT from MRI images for MRI-alone RT

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
BOUKELLOUZ Wafa ◽  
MOUSSAOUI Abdelouahab
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Hybrid Methods ◽  
Dose Calculation ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
General Technique ◽  
Therapy Field ◽  
The Brain

Background: Since the last decades, research have been oriented towards an MRI-alone radiation treatment planning (RTP), where MRI is used as the primary modality for imaging, delineation and dose calculation by assigning to it the needed electron density (ED) information. The idea is to create a computed tomography (CT) image or so-called pseudo-CT from MRI data. In this paper, we review and classify methods for creating pseudo-CT images from MRI data. Each class of methods is explained and a group of works in the literature is presented in detail with statistical performance. We discuss the advantages, drawbacks and limitations of each class of methods. Methods: We classified most recent works in deriving a pseudo-CT from MR images into four classes: segmentation-based, intensity-based, atlas-based and hybrid methods. We based the classification on the general technique applied in the approach. Results: Most of research focused on the brain and the pelvis regions. The mean absolute error (MAE) ranged from 80 HU to 137 HU and from 36.4 HU to 74 HU for the brain and pelvis, respectively. In addition, an interest in the Dixon MR sequence is increasing since it has the advantage of producing multiple contrast images with a single acquisition. Conclusion: Radiation therapy field is emerging towards the generalization of MRI-only RT thanks to the advances in techniques for generation of pseudo-CT images. However, a benchmark is needed to set in common performance metrics to assess the quality of the generated pseudo-CT and judge on the efficiency of a certain method.

GRAM: A True Null Model for Relative Binding Affinity Predictions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanglei Cui ◽  
Alan P. Graves ◽  
Eric S. Manas
Keyword(s):  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Interval Estimate ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
Binding Affinity Prediction ◽  
Affinity Prediction ◽  
Relative Binding Affinity ◽  
Relative Binding

Relative binding affinity prediction is a critical component in computer aided drug design. Significant amount of effort has been dedicated to developing rapid and reliable in silico methods. However, robust assessment of their performance is still a complicated issue, as it requires a performance measure applicable in the prospective setting and more importantly a true null model that defines the expected performance of random in an objective manner. Although many performance metrics, such as correlation coefficient (r2), mean unsigned error (MUE), and room mean square error (RMSE), are frequently used in the literature, a true and non-trivial null model has yet been identified. To address this problem, here we introduce an interval estimate as an additional measure, namely prediction interval (PI), which can be estimated from the error distribution of the predictions. The benefits of using the interval estimate are 1) it provides the uncertainty range in the predicted activities, which is important in prospective applications; 2) a true null model with well-defined PI can be established. We provide one such example termed Gaussian Random Affinity Model (GRAM), which is based on the empirical observation that the affinity change in a typical lead optimization effort has the tendency to distribute normally N (0, s). Having an analytically defined PI that only depends on the variation in the activities, GRAM should in principle allow us to compare the performance of relative binding affinity prediction methods in a standard way, ultimately critical to measuring the progress made in algorithm development.<br>

PERFORMANCE METRICS AND TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY IN A 16 NM SPACER FINFET

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
SANGEETA MANGESH ◽  
KRISHAN K. SAINI ◽  
CHOPRA P. K. ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Temperature Variability
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