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2022 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilham Saptia Nugraha ◽  
Dimas Sindhu Wibisono ◽  
Indah Saraswati ◽  
Achmad Zulfa Juniarto

Objective: Excessive use of MSG in everyday life can cause infertility to men. Exposure to MSG can cause cells to experience oxidative stress which subsequently triggers the generation of free radicals. Free radicals can be resisted with antioxidants. Material & Methods: This research was a laboratory experimental test with a post-test only control group design using male mice as the experimental object. The statistical test used the One Way ANOVA test. Results: In this research, 5 male mice were assigned into 4 groups and 1 control group. Using the One Way ANOVA test, it was found that there were significant differences in ≥ 2 treatment groups in the motility group of spermatozoa with active movement (p < 0.001) and the motility group of spermatozoa with weak movement (p = 0.036). The two groups showed significant differences. The Post hoc LSD test in the motility group with active movement showed significant differences between the control group with MSG treatment (p < 0.001) and the treatment group given Moringa leaves extract of 600 mg/kgW (p < 0.001) and 1200 mg/kgW (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Moringa leaves extract can effect the improvement of the motility of spermatozoa exposed to monosodium glutamate at a given dose of 300 mg/kgW and 600 mg/kgW.


2022 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Hermanita Hermanita ◽  
Suci Hayati

The growth of Islamic banking in Indonesia has occurred significantly, one of which is in the Metro City area, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Many consumers have moved from conventional banks to Islamic banks, even this has happened to non-Muslim consumers. This study aims to describe the factors that influence the behavior of non-Muslim consumers in Metro City, Lampung Province, Indonesia, when choosing Islamic banking services over conventional banks. This is because the understanding of non-Muslim customer switching behavior is very important, especially for Islamic banking, where the application of religious principles is contained therein. This research was conducted using a mixed method with quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data collection was carried out by filling out questionnaires and interviewing 40 non-Muslim customers who became customers at Islamic Bank. Furthermore, the data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA test and Post Hoc Test to see the influence of the factors that gave the most significant influence. The results of this study indicate that the factors of price, reputation, service quality, promotion, product, location, profit, coercion, and recommendations from other customers have a significant effect on non-Muslim customers to switch to services to Islamic banks with a significance value of 0.000 at ANOVA test. Of the nine factors, recommendation factors from other customers (whether friends, relatives, or family), price, and profit are the most influencing factors.


2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
- Pujiati ◽  
Dono Indarto ◽  
- Susilorini ◽  
Diani Retno Widyatuti ◽  
Haneda Ilzafira Damayanti ◽  
...  

Background: Asthma is a disease of the respiratory tract in the form of chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation is one of them characterized by the remodeling of the airways mediated by the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β. In addition there are also several immune cells that play a role such as macrophages, dendritic, neutrophils as producers of IL-12. The presence of the gut-lung axis allows the spread of inflammatory cytokines from the lungs to the intestines and vice versa. Lactobacillus brevis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides have the potential to modulate the immune system through its colonization of the gut. The study aimed to look at the effect of probiotics combined Lactobacillus brevis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides on the expression of TGF-β and IL-12 in the asthma model mouse ileum. Method: This experimental post-test only control group design study used 18 Sprague-Dawley mice. The mice were divided into 3 groups at random: control group (KI), asthma treatment (KII), asthma treatment with a combination of Lactobacillus brevis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides (KIII). Sensitization of asthma with OVA through intraperitoneal injection on days 0 and 14 and through inhalation on days 21 -63. Administration of combination probiotics per oral per day on days 21-63 after inhalation of OVA. The ileum network was taken on the 64th day and measured the expression of TGF-βand IL-12 with immunohistochemical methods and analyzed the percentage proportion of TGF-βand IL-12. Data analysis were conducted by One way ANOVA test and continued post hoc tests. Results: The percentage calculation of the proportion of TGF-βin thecontrol group (KI), asthma group (KII), and the combination group of L.brevis and L.mesenteroides (KIII) is 22.4 ± 15.27; 1.6 ± 2.12; 19.4 ± 6.65. While the percentage calculation of il-12 proportion in each group consecutively were 24.3 ± 19.67; 64.63 ± 9.90; 51 ± 16.62. One way ANOVA Test results on the percentage proportion of TGF-βhave a p value of 0.013 (p<0.05) which means there is a significant difference in the entire group. Furthermore, the Post Hoc Games-Howell test was conducted and obtained a p value of 0.003 (p<0.05) between the asthma group (KII) and the combination group of L.brevis and L.mesenteroides (KIII) which means there are significant differences between the two groups. One way ANOVA Test results on the percentage proportion of IL-12 have a p value of 0.011 (p<0.05) which means there is a significant difference in the entire group. Furthermore, the Post Hoc LSD test was conducted and obtained a p value of 0.001 (p<0.05) between the control group Post Hoc analyses was conducted and obtained a p value of 0.002 (p<0.05) with number of errors was 11.353 between the control group (KI) and asthma group (KII) which means there are significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: The probiotic administration of lactobacillus brevis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides had no effect on the expression of TGF-β and had no effect on il-12 expression in the asthma model mouse ileum. It is necessary to do research on mice with asthma using combinations with other bacteria in order to get maximum effect. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 175-183


KOVALEN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-185
Author(s):  
Gatut Ari Wardani ◽  
Lilis Tuslinah ◽  
Eva Saefatuzzahro ◽  
Indra

Acrylamide levels in Arabica coffee at various roasting temperatures have been determined. Coffee beans are roasted at 160°C, 180°C, and 210°C for 8 minutes. Analysis was carried out using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with C-18 reversed-phase, mobile phase using methanol and 0.1% phosphoric acid solution (5:95), flow rate 1 mL/min, UV-Vis detector 198 nm wavelength. Acrylamide levels in Arabica coffee are 160°C of 14.665 ppm, 180°C of 15.973 ppm, and 210°C of 18.501 ppm. Based on the results of the acrylamide content in Arabica coffee, the higher the roasting temperature, the greater the acrylamide content. ANOVA test regarding the normality test sig value of 0.637, 0.463, and 0.637 normally distributed. Based on the homogeneity test, it was found that the variation between groups was the same or homogeneous. The results of the ANOVA test stated that there were differences in the acrylamide levels of Arabica coffee in the roasting temperature difference group and the results of the post hoc Bonferroni test found that the average differences in the roasting temperature of Arabica coffee were significantly different 160°C-180°C and 160°C-210°C.


2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (88) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
João Ricardo Catarino ◽  
Rui Miguel Alcario Salvador ◽  
Ricardo de Moraes e Soares

In this research, we analyse the use of fiscal expenditure as an instrument of fiscal consolidation policy. Portugal was subject to the financial assistance programme (PAEF) articulated with the IMF, the European Commission and the European Central Bank between 2010 and 2014. The objective is to analyse the evolution of fiscal expenditure in the following four years, after the end of that term programme, that is, between 2015-2018. The outcome is to know if the policy of reducing fiscal expenditure implemented in the years in which the programme was in force (2010-2014), continued into the following four years. We compared this evolution with the evolution of direct expenditure, based on two main axes: economic expenditure and social expenditure. The data collection technique is used through document research, and the data obtained was from information provided by national, European statistical authorities and secondary sources of information. It is concluded that, in the 2014-2018 period, the increase in public revenue, due to the decrease in tax expenditure, did not evolve consistently. In 2014-2018, direct public expenditure did not follow the same pattern as in the previous years of 2011-2014, given the functional equivalence of the two types of expenditure. Finally, to observe the relationship between the level of fiscal consolidation, carried out between the years 2010 and 2018, and the behaviour of tax revenue and expenditure, the Scheffé test was performed on the averages of the variables Total Revenue and Expenditure, and Tax Revenue and Expenditure. This was applied in order to observe if the averages of the variables are significantly relevant for the level of fiscal consolidation or if there are other variables, equally important, that were not taken into account in the study, but that had a preponderant role (such as the economic context). We have to statistically conclude that both the revenue and expenditure averages and the percentage averages are not all equal, as they are, in fact, all different between the groups analysed. In order to clarify if the differences in revenue and expenditure and in the respective percentages are statistically significant or if, on the contrary, they are merely eventual, we previously verified their applicability through the assumptions of normality and homoscedasticity of each of the data sets, using the ANOVA test (Fisher, 1918). We observed that for both the amounts of revenue and expenditure, as well as the percentages, the p-value observed in the ANOVA test was equal to 0.000 (i.e. less than 0.050), implying the rejection of the null hypotheses and the acceptance of the alternative hypotheses, according to which the average values of the amounts of revenue and expenditure, and the average values of the percentages are not all equal. The general conclusion is that there was budget consolidation, but this must have been due to other factors, such as the economic environment, since there is no direct relationship between revenue, fiscal expenditure and budget consolidation in any of the periods studied.  


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Ida Nurwati ◽  
Risya Cilmiaty AR ◽  
Danus Hermawan ◽  
Betty Saptiwi ◽  
Dyah Ratna Budiani ◽  
...  

Jamblang (Syzygium cumini L.) leaves contain several phytochemical compounds. These phytochemicals are thought to have roles as antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant agents. This study aims to prove that there is an effect of giving ethanolic extract of jamblang leaves on body weight (BW) of metabolic syndrome (MS) Wistar rats induced by high-fat high-fructrose diet (HFFD) and injection of Streptozotocin (STZ)-Nicotinamide (Na), to determine different doses effect on the weight of Wistar rats. Laboratory experimental research with pre-post test control group. Samples were 8 weeks male Wistar (Rattus noverigicus) weighing 150-200 grams chosen by purposive random sampling method. Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups, each consisting of 6 rats. Normal group, metabolic syndrome group, 3 treatment groups MS were given jamblang leaf extract 100 mg/KgBW, 150mg/KgBW, 200mg/KgBW for 28 days. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA test and repeated ANOVA test. The study showed an ethanolic extract of Jamblang leaves can reduce weight loss in Wistar rats with a metabolic syndrome model, and that the best dose used in this experiment is 150 mg/kgBW per day in Wistar rats with a metabolic syndrome model.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ayu Sintia Dewi ◽  
Made Krisna Adi Jaya ◽  
Ni Putu Rutin Seciolini Agristy ◽  
Ida Ayu Gendari

Introduction: Drug and food interaction is a condition in which nutritional factors present in food have an influence significant effect on drug therapy, both potentially increasing or decreasing the effect of drug therapy. Indonesian people have a habit of taking medicine by using food or drink. Bananas are the primadona that are often consumed to speed up the swallowing process and reduce the bitter taste of medicine. It turns out that the consumption of bananas together with ACE inhibitors can increase the risk of hyperkalemia. Lack of information about the effects caused by drug and food interactions, so it is necessary to do related research.  Objective: This study aims to determine the interaction of giving ramipril together with Ambon banana on the risk of hyperkalemia. Methods: A real experimental study while still adhering to the Covid'19 health protocol. White rats were divided into 4 groups, conditioned by hypertension, then intervened with ramipril and Ambon banana. Blood serum was taken and analyzed using UV spectrophotometry to obtain serum potassium levels. The levels obtained were analyzed using the One Way Anova Test. Results: The mean serum potassium level of the positive control group was 4.93±0.58; negative control 4.13±0.60; normal control 4.76±0.59 and treatment 5.10±0.38. The highest serum potassium level was in the ramipril treatment group together with Ambon banana, but still in the normal range of 3.60–5.50 mmol/L. One Way Anova test results (p = 0.054). (p>0.05) showed no significant difference. Conclusion: There is no specific increase in levels of ramipril concurrently with Ambon banana so it does not have the potential to cause the risk of hyperkalemia.   Keywords: Drug Interaction, Ramipril, Ambon Banana, Serum Potassium, Hyperkalemia


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 1541-1543
Author(s):  
Steven Soenjono ◽  
Budi Setiawan ◽  
Rahmah Siti Wulandari ◽  
Suyana Suyana ◽  
Marta Atik Martiningsih

Examination of worm eggs is a way of diagnosing helminthiasis by giving 2% eosin as a dye, but this reagent is carcinogenic so an alternative is needed to replace it. Synthetic food coloring (carmoisin CI 14720) can staining worm eggs against a more contrasting background than eosin. The purpose of this study was to determine the synthetic food coloring with a concentration of 1%,2%,3%,4%,5% which can be used as an alternative to 2% eosin in the examination of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs. This type of research is observational with a cross sectional research design. Positive stool samples for Ascaris lumbricoides eggs were obtained from the Parasitology Laboratory of the University of Indonesia. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Interclass Correlation Coeficien (ICC) tests. The results of the Anova test showed that there was no difference between 2% eosin and food coloring. The results of the ICC test obtained a value of 0.845, so the dye can be used as an alternative to 2% eosin in the examination of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Ciunova-Shuleska ◽  
◽  
Nikolina Palamidovska-Sterjadovska ◽  
Irena Bogoevska-Gavrilova ◽  
◽  
...  

The purpose of this research is to analyze the differences in users’ intentions to like, comment and share lifestyle brand-related content on social media based on the social capital focus. In this paper, social capital is conceptualized as a positive outcome of users’ interaction on social media, focusing on bonding and bridging dimensions of social capital. However, in order to examine the differences in intentions to like, comment and share between social media users with bridging and bonding focus, social capital is analyzed as a cause of social media engagement, i.e. users’ contribution in terms of liking, commenting and sharing brand-related content on social media. A survey with social media users was carried out, using questionnaires as a method of data collection. A data set of 415 effective responses is collected and ANOVA test was used. The respondents were divided into two groups: social media users with bridging focus and social media users with bonding focus. ANOVA test revealed significant differences in intention to contribute to life-style brand-related content among the social media users with different level of social capital focus. Namely, the results indicated existence of significant differences in intention to like, intention to share and intention to comment lifestyle brand-related content depending on the social media users’ social capital focus. Social media users with bridging focus showed stronger intentions to like, share and comment life-style brand-related content comparing to social media users with bonding focus. The findings of this research study may help social media marketing managers to successfully design and implement effective life-style brand-related content depending on the social capital focus of the users.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Alaa Hanbazazh ◽  
Carlton Reeve

The study aimed to investigate consumer behaviour towards pop-up ads. The study is quantitative in nature and carries out a survey questionnaire. The study sample consisted of 100 active users of social media (i.e., Snapchat, Instagram, Twitter, Tik Tok and gaming application). The data collected were analysed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Moreover, the study used descriptive statistical analyses, a t-test was used to check the different impact of independent variables and finally ANOVA test was used to find the impact of more than one independent variable on the dependent one. The results of the study showed that Snapchat (30.47%) was the widely used application among the participants and an average user consumes social media more than 4 hours a day which makes it 40% of the participants. The study also found that participants disagreed that they always look for pop-up ads (M = 1.71, Std = 0.92). Also, the study found no significant difference in perceptions of respondents towards pop-up ads with regard to gender. The ANOVA test revealed that educational level (0.627) didn&rsquo;t show any significant difference towards the opinions of participants about pop-up ads whereas, age level (0.50) and monthly income (0.001) showed significant difference towards the opinions of participants about pop-up ads. The study concluded that pop-up ads do not actually impact consumer behaviour positively and are not the affective means of attracting consumers.


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