57‐3:
            Distinguished Student Paper:
            EEG Analysis of Mixed Reality Music Rehabilitation System for Post‐Stroke Lower Limb Therapy

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the long-term efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) on reducing lower limb post-stroke spasticity in adults. A systematic electronic search of PubMed/ MEDLINE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE(R), and search engine of Google Scholar was performed. Publications that ranged from January 2010 to August 2020, published in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian language and available as full texts were eligible for inclusion and they were searched without any restrictions of country. The study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and followed the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Two authors screened the references, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. The primary outcome was spasticity grade mainly assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Secondary outcomes were passive range of motion (PROM), pain intensity, electrophysiological parameters, gait assessment, and adverse events. A total of seven recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, and a beneficial effect on spasticity was found. The high level of evidence presented in this paper showed that ESWT ameliorates spasticity considering the parameters: MAS: standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.53; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): (0.07–0.99); Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS): SMD = 0.56; 95% CI: (0.01–1.12); Visual Analogue Scale (VAS): SMD = 0.35; 95% CI: (−0.21–0.91); PROM: SMD = 0.69; 95% CI: (0.20–1.19). ESWT presented long-term efficacy on lower limb post-stroke spasticity, reduced pain intensity, and increased range of motion. The effect of this novel and non-invasive therapy was significant and the intervention did not present adverse events, proving a satisfactory safety profile.

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A Real-Time Micro-sensor Upper Limb Rehabilitation System for Post-stroke Patients

2015 14th International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Applications for Business Engineering and Science (DCABES) ◽

10.1109/dcabes.2015.65 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guanhong Tao ◽

Yingfei Sun ◽

Zhipei Huang ◽

Jiankang Wu

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Upper Limb Rehabilitation ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Rehabilitation System ◽

Micro Sensor ◽

Limb Rehabilitation

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Gait Rehabilitation System based on Mixed Reality

2021 Telecoms Conference (ConfTELE) ◽

10.1109/conftele50222.2021.9435458 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Teresa Vilar Paredes ◽

Octavian Postolache ◽

Joao Monge ◽

Pedro Silva Girao

Keyword(s):

Mixed Reality ◽

Gait Rehabilitation ◽

Rehabilitation System

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A step towards developing a virtual reality based rehabilitation system for individuals with post-stroke forearm movement disorders

2013 International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Embedded Systems (CARE) ◽

10.1109/care.2013.6733743 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sutapa Bhattacharya ◽

Chetas Joshi ◽

Uttama Lahiri ◽

Arvind Chauhan

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Movement Disorders ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Rehabilitation System

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Modelling and Simulation of a Robotic System for Lower Limb Rehabilitation

Volume 5B: 42nd Mechanisms and Robotics Conference ◽

10.1115/detc2018-85872 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bogdan Gherman ◽

Iosif Birlescu ◽

Paul Tucan ◽

Calin Vaida ◽

Adrian Pisla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

Parallel Robot ◽

Gait Training ◽

Singularity Analysis ◽

Robotic System ◽

Upper Limb Rehabilitation ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Kinematic Modelling ◽

Limb Rehabilitation ◽

Lower Limb Rehabilitation

As the life span increases and the availability of physicians becomes more and more scarce, robotic rehabilitation for post-stroke patients becomes more and more demanding, especially due to the repeatability character of the rehabilitation exercises. Both lower and upper limb rehabilitation using robotic systems have proved to be very successful in different stages of the rehabilitation process, but only a few address the immediate (critical) post-stroke phase, especially when the patient is hemiplegic and is unable to stand. The paper presents the kinematic modelling, singularity analysis and gait simulation for a new 4-DOF parallel robot named RECOVER used for lower limb rehabilitation for bedridden patients. The robotic system has been designed for the mobilization of the lower limb, namely the following motions: the hip and knee flexion and the plantar adduction/abduction and flexion/dorsiflexion. The kinematics has been studied and the singularity configurations have been determined to achieve a failsafe rehabilitation robot. Numerical simulations prove that the system can be used for gait training exercises in safe conditions.

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Effects of botulinum toxin A therapy and multidisciplinary rehabilitation on lower limb spasticity classified by spastic muscle echo intensity in post-stroke patients

Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.rehab.2018.05.417 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 61 ◽

pp. e182

Author(s):

T. Hara ◽

A. Masahiro ◽

H. Hiroyoshi ◽

K. Kazushige

Keyword(s):

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Botulinum Toxin A ◽

Echo Intensity ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Toxin A ◽

Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Limb Spasticity ◽

Lower Limb Spasticity

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Stroke Telerehabilitation in Calabria: A Health Technology Assessment

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2021.777608 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Contrada Marianna ◽

Arcuri Francesco ◽

Tonin Paolo ◽

Pignolo Loris ◽

Mazza Tiziana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Low Income ◽

Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Rehabilitation Services ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Home Service ◽

Rehabilitation System ◽

Specialist Rehabilitation

Introduction: Telerehabilitation (TR) is defined as a model of home service for motor and cognitive rehabilitation, ensuring continuity of care over time. TR can replace the traditional face-to-face approach as an alternative method of delivering conventional rehabilitation and applies to situations where the patient is unable to reach rehabilitation facilities or for low-income countries where outcomes are particularly poor. For this reason, in this study, we sought to demonstrate the feasibility and utility of a well-known TR intervention on post-stroke patients living in one of the poorest indebted regions of Italy, where the delivery of rehabilitation services is inconsistent and not uniform.Materials and Methods: Nineteen patients (13 male/6 female; mean age: 61.1 ± 8.3 years) with a diagnosis of first-ever ischemic (n = 14) or hemorrhagic stroke (n = 5), who had been admitted to the intensive rehabilitation unit (IRU) of the Institute S. Anna (Crotone, Italy), were consecutively enrolled to participate in this study. After the discharge, they continued the motor treatment remotely by means of a home-rehabilitation system. The entire TR intervention was performed (online and offline) using the Virtual Reality Rehabilitation System (VRRS) (Khymeia, Italy). All patients received intensive TR five times a week for 12 consecutive weeks (60 sessions, each session lasting about 1h).Results: We found a significant motor recovery after TR protocol as measured by the Barthel Index (BI); Fugl-Meyer motor score (FM) and Motricity Index (MI) of the hemiplegic upper limbs.Conclusions: This was the first demonstration that a well-defined virtual reality TR tool promotes motor and functional recovery in post-stroke patients living in a low-income Italian region, such as Calabria, characterized by a paucity of specialist rehabilitation services.

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