Wide-Range Strain Sensors Based on Highly Transparent and Supremely Stretchable Graphene/Ag-Nanowires Hybrid Structures

Scanning white light interferometry and micro-force measurements were applied to analyse stimulus transformation in strain sensors in the spider exoskeleton. Two compound or ‘lyriform’ organs consisting of arrays of closely neighbouring, roughly parallel sensory slits of different lengths were examined. Forces applied to the exoskeleton entail strains in the cuticle, which compress and thereby stimulate the individual slits of the lyriform organs. (i) For the proprioreceptive lyriform organ HS-8 close to the distal joint of the tibia, the compression of the slits at the sensory threshold was as small as 1.4 nm and hardly more than 30 nm, depending on the slit in the array. The corresponding stimulus forces were as small as 0.01 mN. The linearity of the loading curve seems reasonable considering the sensor's relatively narrow biological intensity range of operation. The slits' mechanical sensitivity (slit compression/force) ranged from 106 down to 13 nm mN −1 , and gradually decreased with decreasing slit length. (ii) Remarkably, in the vibration-sensitive lyriform organ HS-10 on the metatarsus, the loading curve was exponential. The organ is thus adapted to the detection of a wide range of vibration amplitudes, as they are found under natural conditions. The mechanical sensitivities of the two slits examined in this organ in detail differed roughly threefold (522 and 195 nm mN −1 ) in the biologically most relevant range, again reflecting stimulus range fractionation among the slits composing the array.

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INTERFACE MAGNETISM IN FERROMAGNETIC METAL–COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR HYBRID STRUCTURES

SPIN ◽

10.1142/s2010324711000069 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 01 (01) ◽

pp. 45-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

AIDAN T. HINDMARCH

Keyword(s):

Significant Proportion ◽

Dissimilar Materials ◽

Free Energy Density ◽

Compound Semiconductor ◽

Ferromagnetic Metal ◽

Hybrid Structures ◽

Intimate Contact ◽

Interface Magnetism ◽

Wide Range ◽

Nanoscale Thin Film

Interfaces between dissimilar materials present a wide range of fascinating physical phenomena. When a nanoscale thin-film of a ferromagnetic metal is deposited in intimate contact with a compound semiconductor, the properties of the interface exhibit a wealth of novel behavior, having immense potential for technological application, and being of great interest from the perspective of fundamental physics. This article presents a review of recent advances in the field of interface magnetism in (001)-oriented ferromagnetic metal/III–V compound semiconductor hybrid structures. Until relatively recently, the majority of research in this area continued to concentrate almost exclusively on the prototypical epitaxial Fe / GaAs (001) system: now, a significant proportion of work has branched out from this theme, including ferromagnetic metal alloys, and other III–V compound semiconductors. After a general overview of the topic, and a review of the more recent literature, we discuss recent results where advances have been made in our understanding of the physics underpinning magnetic anisotropy in these systems: tailoring the terms contributing to the angular-dependent free-energy density by employing novel fabrication methods and ferromagnetic metal electrodes.

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Wearable Wide-Range Strain Sensors Based on Ionic Liquids and Monitoring of Human Activities

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s17112621 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (11) ◽

pp. 2621 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Shao-Hui Zhang ◽

Feng-Xia Wang ◽

Jia-Jia Li ◽

Hong-Dan Peng ◽

Jing-Hui Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Human Activities ◽

Strain Sensors ◽

Wide Range

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The Development and Variation of Inca Architecture

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219352.013.39 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Jean-Pierre Protzen

Keyword(s):

Road Networks ◽

Hybrid Structures ◽

Design Features ◽

Machu Picchu ◽

The Andes ◽

Structural Types ◽

Wide Range ◽

International Attention ◽

Royal Road

The earliest Europeans in the Andes marveled at the quality of Inca masonry and the engineering of imperial infrastructure. Hiram Bingham’s rediscovery of Machu Picchu brought international attention to Inca architecture, and in recent decades, scholars have begun to place the most elaborate Inca constructions into a broader context. Inca architecture is found at special sites, including royal estates, administrative sites on the royal road networks, and religious shrines. Much of the finest Inca construction is found in the Cuzco region, where several structural types can be discerned. Beyond the capital region, Inca architecture appears in a wide range of hybrid structures, as well as in design features that echo the elite buildings of Cuzco. Although the finest Inca constructions were built of stone, other materials were used to build and roof imperial buildings, and the use of adobe and other materials connotes status and stylistic variations across the empire.

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High Sensitive Strain Microsensor based on Dielectric Matrix with Metal Nanoparticles

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-459-261 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 459 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. A. Konovalov ◽

R. D. Fedorovich ◽

S. A. Nepijko ◽

L. V. Viduta

Keyword(s):

Metal Nanoparticles ◽

Electrical Resistance ◽

Strain Sensors ◽

Sensitive Strain ◽

Dielectric Matrix ◽

Dielectric Substrates ◽

Tunnel Mechanism ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Matrix ◽

Strain Coefficient

ABSTRACTA dielectric matrix, containing metal nanoparticles with interparticle spacings of 1–2 nm, is a system with tunnel mechanism of electrical conductivity. Its electrical resistance is very sensitive to deforming of matrix because it leads to changes in spaces between particles and as a result the potential barrier transperancy is varied.Different metals (Mo, Cr, Ta, Au, Pt, Bi, Al) and their films morphology structure were studied in order to get high sensitive strain sensors. Metal nanoparticles were deposited on elastic dielectric substrates. Strain coefficients were measured for a wide range of strains and temperatures. Variation of matrix structure gives possibilities to produce strain sensors with high electrical resistance and weak temperature dependence. The matrix with Au nanoparticles was found to have maximum strain coefficient (>100). These sensors can be manufactured in the miniature scale (sensitive area around 1 micron or less).

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