Postzygotic reproductive isolation among three Saccharomyces yeast species

Although microorganisms account for the largest fraction of Earth's biodiversity, we know little about how their reproductive barriers evolve. Sexual microorganisms such as Saccharomyces yeasts rapidly develop strong intrinsic post-zygotic isolation, but the role of extrinsic isolation in the early speciation process remains to be investigated. We measured the growth of F 1 hybrids between two incipient species of Saccharomyces paradoxus to assess the presence of extrinsic post-zygotic isolation across 32 environments. More than 80% of hybrids showed either partial dominance of the best parent or over-dominance for growth, revealing no fitness defects in F 1 hybrids. Extrinsic reproductive isolation therefore likely plays little role in limiting gene flow between incipient yeast species and is not a requirement for speciation.

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Genetic, Physiological, and Industrial Aspects of the Fructophilic Non-Saccharomyces Yeast Species, Starmerella bacillaris

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation7020087 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 87

Author(s):

María Laura Raymond Eder ◽

Alberto Luis Rosa

Keyword(s):

Yeast Species ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Standard Laboratory ◽

Saccharomyces Yeast

Starmerella bacillaris (synonym Candida zemplinina) is a non-Saccharomyces yeast species, frequently found in enological ecosystems. Peculiar aspects of the genetics and metabolism of this yeast species, as well as potential industrial applications of isolated indigenous S. bacillaris strains worldwide, have recently been explored. In this review, we summarize relevant observations from studies conducted on standard laboratory and indigenous isolated S. bacillaris strains.

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Learning from 80 years of studies: a comprehensive catalogue of non-Saccharomyces yeasts associated with viticulture and winemaking

FEMS Yeast Research ◽

10.1093/femsyr/foab017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

Author(s):

João Drumonde-Neves ◽

Ticiana Fernandes ◽

Teresa Lima ◽

Célia Pais ◽

Ricardo Franco-Duarte

Keyword(s):

Yeast Species ◽

Starter Cultures ◽

Biotechnological Applications ◽

Major Focus ◽

Wine Production ◽

Sampling Studies ◽

Volatile Acidity ◽

Wine Sector ◽

Saccharomyces Yeast ◽

Saccharomyces Yeasts

ABSTRACT Non-Saccharomyces yeast species are nowadays recognized for their impact on wine´s chemical composition and sensorial properties. In addition, new interest has been given to the commercial exploitation of non-Saccharomyces starter cultures in the wine sector. However, over many years, these yeast species were considered sources of contamination in wine production and conservation, mainly due to the high levels of volatile acidity obtained. The present manuscript systematizes 80 years of literature describing non-Saccharomyces yeast species isolated from grapes and/or grape musts. A link between each reference, the accepted taxonomic name of each species and their geographical occurrence is presented, compiling information for 293 species, in a total of 231 citations. One major focus of this work relates to the isolation of non-Saccharomyces yeasts from grapevines usually ignored in most sampling studies, also as isolation from damaged grapes. These particular niches are sources of specific yeast species, which are not identified in most other explored environments. These yeasts have high potential to be explored for important and diversified biotechnological applications.

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Influence of Microencapsulation on Fermentative Behavior of Hanseniaspora osmophila in Wine Mixed Starter Fermentation

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation7030112 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 112

Author(s):

Grazia Alberico ◽

Angela Capece ◽

Gianluigi Mauriello ◽

Rocchina Pietrafesa ◽

Gabriella Siesto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yeast Species ◽

Starter Culture ◽

Cell Immobilization ◽

Mixed Fermentation ◽

Wine Composition ◽

Saccharomyces Yeast ◽

Suitable System ◽

Saccharomyces Yeasts ◽

Fermentative Process

In recent years, as a consequence of the re-evaluation of the role of non-Saccharomyces yeasts, several studies have been conducted on the use of controlled mixed fermentations with Saccharomyces and different non-Saccharomyces yeast species from the winemaking environment. To benefit from the metabolic particularities of some non-Saccharomyces yeasts, the management of a non-Saccharomyces strain in mixed fermentation is a crucial step, in particular the use of procedures addressed to increase the persistence of non-Saccharomyces strains during the fermentative process. The use of microencapsulation for cell immobilization might represent a strategy for enhancing the competitiveness of non-Saccharomyces yeasts during mixed fermentation. This study was aimed to assess the fermentative performance of a mixed starter culture, composed by a wild Hanseniaspora osmophila strain (ND1) and a commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain (EC1118). For this purpose, free and microencapsulated cells of ND1 strain were tested in co-culture with EC1118 during mixed fermentations in order to evaluate the effect of the microencapsulation on fermentative behavior of mixed starter and final wine composition. The data have shown that H. osmophila cell formulation affects the persistence of both ND1 and EC1118 strains during fermentations and microencapsulation resulted in a suitable system to increase the fermentative efficiency of ND1 strain during mixed starter fermentation.

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How Can Satellite DNA Divergence Cause Reproductive Isolation? Let Us Count the Chromosomal Ways

Genetics Research International ◽

10.1155/2012/430136 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Patrick M. Ferree ◽

Satyaki Prasad

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Isolation ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Rapid Evolution ◽

Model Organisms ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Heterochromatin Formation ◽

Interspecies Hybrids ◽

Postzygotic Reproductive Isolation ◽

And Function

Satellites are one of the most enigmatic parts of the eukaryotic genome. These highly repetitive, noncoding sequences make up as much as half or more of the genomic content and are known to play essential roles in chromosome segregation during meiosis and mitosis, yet they evolve rapidly between closely related species. Research over the last several decades has revealed that satellite divergence can serve as a formidable reproductive barrier between sibling species. Here we highlight several key studies on Drosophila and other model organisms demonstrating deleterious effects of satellites and their rapid evolution on the structure and function of chromosomes in interspecies hybrids. These studies demonstrate that satellites can impact chromosomes at a number of different developmental stages and through distinct cellular mechanisms, including heterochromatin formation. These findings have important implications for how loci that cause postzygotic reproductive isolation are viewed.

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Genetic mechanisms of postzygotic reproductive isolation: An epistatic network in rice

Breeding Science ◽

10.1270/jsbbs.63.359 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 359-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Takahiko Kubo

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Isolation ◽

Postzygotic Reproductive Isolation ◽

Genetic Mechanisms

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The limits to parapatric speciation 3: evolution of strong reproductive isolation in presence of gene flow despite limited ecological differentiation

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2019.0532 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 375 (1806) ◽

pp. 20190532 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexandre Blanckaert ◽

Claudia Bank ◽

Joachim Hermisson

Keyword(s):

Gene Flow ◽

Reproductive Isolation ◽

Local Adaptation ◽

Theme Issue ◽

Genetic Barrier ◽

Incipient Species ◽

Postzygotic Reproductive Isolation ◽

Minimal Configuration ◽

Parapatric Speciation ◽

Two Populations

Gene flow tends to impede the accumulation of genetic divergence. Here, we determine the limits for the evolution of postzygotic reproductive isolation in a model of two populations that are connected by gene flow. We consider two selective mechanisms for the creation and maintenance of a genetic barrier: local adaptation leads to divergence among incipient species due to selection against migrants, and Dobzhansky–Muller incompatibilities (DMIs) reinforce the genetic barrier through selection against hybrids. In particular, we are interested in the maximum strength of the barrier under a limited amount of local adaptation, a challenge that many incipient species may initially face. We first confirm that with classical two-locus DMIs, the maximum amount of local adaptation is indeed a limit to the strength of a genetic barrier. However, with three or more loci and cryptic epistasis, this limit holds no longer. In particular, we identify a minimal configuration of three epistatically interacting mutations that is sufficient to confer strong reproductive isolation. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards the completion of speciation: the evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers’.

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Limited intrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation despite chromosomal rearrangements between closely related sympatric species of small ermine moths (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae)

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society ◽

10.1093/biolinnean/blz090 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 128 (1) ◽

pp. 44-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Katerina H Hora ◽

František Marec ◽

Peter Roessingh ◽

Steph B J Menken

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Isolation ◽

Parental Species ◽

Meiotic Chromosome ◽

Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽

Sympatric Species ◽

Hybrid Fitness ◽

New Host ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Postzygotic Reproductive Isolation

Abstract In evolutionarily young species and sympatric host races of phytophagous insects, postzygotic incompatibility is often not yet fully developed, but reduced fitness of hybrids is thought to facilitate further divergence. However, empirical evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited. To assess the role of reduced hybrid fitness, we studied meiosis and fertility in hybrids of two closely related small ermine moths, Yponomeuta padella and Yponomeuta cagnagella, and determined the extent of intrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation. We found extensive rearrangements between the karyotypes of the two species and irregularities in meiotic chromosome pairing in their hybrids. The fertility of reciprocal F1 and, surprisingly, also of backcrosses with both parental species was not significantly decreased compared with intraspecific offspring. The results indicate that intrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation between these closely related species is limited. We conclude that the observed chromosomal rearrangements are probably not the result of an accumulation of postzygotic incompatibilities preventing hybridization. Alternative explanations, such as adaptation to new host plants, are discussed.

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