scholarly journals Interaction with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 2 Predicts HIV Type 1 Genotype

Virology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 268 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoulaye Dieng Sarr ◽  
Jean-Louis Sankalé ◽  
Donald J. Hamel ◽  
Karin U. Travers ◽  
Aissatou Guèye-Ndiaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Type 1

scholarly journals The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Vpx Protein Usurps the CUL4A-DDB1DCAF1 Ubiquitin Ligase To Overcome a Postentry Block in Macrophage Infection

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 4854-4860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bergamaschi ◽  
Diana Ayinde ◽  
Annie David ◽  
Erwann Le Rouzic ◽  
Marina Morel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Macrophage Infection ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Type 1

ABSTRACT The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) genomes encode several auxiliary proteins that have increasingly shown their importance in the virus-host relationship. One of these proteins, Vpx, is unique to the HIV-2/SIVsm lineage and is critical for viral replication in macrophages. The functional basis for this requirement, as well as the Vpx mode of action, has remained unexplained, and it is all the more enigmatic that HIV type 1 (HIV-1), which has no Vpx counterpart, can infect macrophages. Here, we underscore DCAF1 as a critical host effector of Vpx in its ability to mediate infection and long-term replication of HIV-2 in human macrophages. Vpx assembles with the CUL4A-DDB1 ubiquitin ligase through DCAF1 recruitment. Precluding Vpx present in the incoming virions from recruiting DCAF1 in target macrophages leads to a postentry block characterized by defective accumulation of HIV-2 reverse transcripts. In addition, Vpx from SIVsm functionally complements Vpx-defective HIV-2 in a DCAF1-binding-dependent manner. Altogether, our data point to a mechanism in which Vpx diverts the Cul4A-DDB1DCAF1 ligase to inactivate an evolutionarily conserved factor, which restricts macrophage infection by HIV-2 and closely related simian viruses.

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