Coordinated Replenishment and Rework with Unreliable Supply Sources

2002 ◽  
pp. 159-188
Author(s):  
David D. Yao ◽  
Shaohui Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Unreliable Supply ◽  
Coordinated Replenishment

scholarly journals Infrastructure Quality and the Subsidy Trap

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun McRae
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Alternative Programs ◽  
Investment Incentives ◽  
Unreliable Supply ◽  
Low Income Households

Electricity and water are often subsidized in developing countries to increase their affordability for low-income households. Ideally, such subsidies would create sufficient demand in poor neighborhoods to encourage private investment in their infrastructure. Instead, many regions receiving large subsidies have precarious distribution networks supplying users who never pay. Using a structural model of household electricity demand in Colombia, I predict the change in consumption and profits from upgrading low-quality electricity connections. I show that the existing subsidies, which provide greater transfers to areas with unreliable supply, deter investment to modernize infrastructure. Finally, I analyze alternative programs with stronger investment incentives. (JEL H23, H54, L94, L98, O12, O13)

Appropriate Design of Medical Technologies for Emerging Regions: The Case of Aurolab

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaspal S. Sandhu ◽  
Aman Bhandari ◽  
Mahad Ibrahim ◽  
P. Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Intraocular Lenses ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Payment Schemes ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Unreliable Supply ◽  
Poor Infrastructure

Healthcare delivery in emerging regions presents a unique set of challenges and is characterized largely by poor infrastructure. Though there is significant variation from country to country - and even within countries - in emerging regions, common themes emerge, such as overreliance on direct payment schemes, unreliable supply chains, and intermittent power in rural settings. These themes in turn impose particular design requirements on manufacturers of medical devices and pharmaceuticals; this paper focuses on these design requirements. We illustrate the importance of designing specifically for the developing context, using the example of Aurolab, a non-profit medical manufacturer located in Tamil Nadu, India. Started in 1992, Aurolab began operations with the manufacture of intraocular lenses (IOL), implantable polymer lenses for cataract surgery, becoming the first to produce this technology in India. Today Aurolab produces a variety of medical devices and ophthalmic pharmaceuticals, and deliver their products to 120 countries worldwide. Aurolab’s products illustrate many of the key design requirements for healthcare delivery in India and in other emerging contexts.

Coordinating a decentralized hybrid push–pull assembly system with unreliable supply and uncertain demand

2015 ◽  
Vol 257 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 537-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Fu ◽  
Yongkai Ma ◽  
Debing Ni ◽  
Xiaoqiang Cai
Keyword(s):  
Uncertain Demand ◽  
Assembly System ◽  
Unreliable Supply

Risk Inherent in Matching Unreliability With Uncertainty

2018 ◽  
pp. 73-97
Author(s):  
Roy L. Nersesian ◽  
Joe McManus
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Uncertain Demand ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Calm Weather ◽  
Unreliable Supply

Solar and wind are unreliable sources of energy. Several years ago, there was an eclipse over Europe during calm weather reducing renewable (wind and solar) power to nil – without 100% backup, the lights would have gone out. Electricity demand is uncertain, but its uncertainty can be bracketed within known parameters based on an analysis of past demand. Meeting uncertain demand with reliable supply (fossil fuel, nuclear, hydro except in dry seasons) is the normal course of business for an operating utility. Matching up unreliable supply with uncertain demand is a newly emerging trend with the advent of renewables. At first, when solar and wind made minute contributions to satisfying electricity demand, the challenge was manageable. The challenge is becoming more prominent with the growth in the contribution of solar and wind to electricity supply. This chapter describes the risk of matching unreliability with uncertainty via a simulation of a utility with a notable commitment to renewables. Upon measuring risk, means to mitigate that risk will be covered.

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