Designer Benzodiazepines: Another Class of New Psychoactive Substances

2018 ◽  
pp. 383-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjoern Moosmann ◽  
Volker Auwärter
Keyword(s):  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Designer Benzodiazepines

An expanding world of new psychoactive substances—designer benzodiazepines

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta B. Zawilska ◽  
Jakub Wojcieszak
Keyword(s):  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Designer Benzodiazepines

Designer benzodiazepines’ pharmacological effects and potencies: How to find the information

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1021-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souleiman El Balkhi ◽  
Caroline Monchaud ◽  
Frédéric Herault ◽  
Hélène Géniaux ◽  
Franck Saint-Marcoux
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Designer Benzodiazepines

Background: Scientific data on the psychopharmacological effects of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) are scarce. Web fora contain a wealth of information posted by users as trip reports (TRs), but the reliability of the reports remains questionable because of the nature of the used molecule and the potential for dose inaccuracies. We focused on the TRs of designer benzodiazepine (DBZD) users since their psychopharmacological effects are similar to prescription benzodiazepines (BZDs). Moreover, the impact of functional groups on the BZD rings with regards to the potency has been fairly/quite studied, allowing structural analysis. Methods: DBZDs offering more than 15 TRs with at least two accounts on experienced effects were included. Data were analyzed with the empirical phenomenological psychological method. Reported effects were analyzed and the pharmacological potencies of DBZDs were compared by calculating a ‘potency score’. Results: In total, 197 TRs for clonazolam, deschloroetizolam, diclazepam, etizolam, flubromazepam, flubromazolam, meclonazepam, metizolam, nifoxipam and pyrazolam were analyzed. Effects similar to prescription BZDs were reported for all the selected DBZDs. Pyrazolam was reported to be the most anxiolytic DBZD, flubromazolam the most hypnotic, etizolam the most euphoric and flubromazolam and clonazolam as the most amnesic DBZDs. Diclazepam and pyrazolam were not reported to induce euphoria. Flubromazepam, flubromazolam, clonazolam and meclonazepam were the most potent and deschloroetizolam, nifoxipam, metizolam and pyrazolam the least potent. The chemical structure of the different DBZDs and the functional groups on the BZD rings confirmed this ranking, except for nifoxipam. Conclusions: When information on NPSs obtained from Internet fora are abundant, it could be considered as an appreciable data source.

New psychoactive substances—Designer benzodiazepines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Wilde ◽  
Volker Auwärter ◽  
Bjoern Moosmann
Keyword(s):  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Designer Benzodiazepines

“New Psychoactive Substances” (NPS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Goebel
Keyword(s):  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Psychoactive Substances

Voltammetric profiling of new psychoactive substances: Piperazine derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 883 ◽  
pp. 115054
Author(s):  
D. Martins ◽  
E.M.P.J. Garrido ◽  
F. Borges ◽  
J.M.P.J. Garrido
Keyword(s):  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Piperazine Derivatives

scholarly journals Mortality involving New Psychoactive Substances across Europe, 2016- 2017

2021 ◽  
pp. 100016
Author(s):  
Hugo López-Pelayo ◽  
Julian Vicente ◽  
Ana Gallegos ◽  
Andrew McAuley ◽  
Yacin Buyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Psychoactive Substances

scholarly journals Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry and High-Sensitivity Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Screening of Classic Drugs and New Psychoactive Substances and Metabolites in Urine of Consumers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4000
Author(s):  
Emilia Marchei ◽  
Maria Alias Ferri ◽  
Marta Torrens ◽  
Magí Farré ◽  
Roberta Pacifici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Resolution Mass

The use of the new psychoactive substances is continuously growing and the implementation of accurate and sensible analysis in biological matrices of users is relevant and fundamental for clinical and forensic purposes. Two different analytical technologies, high-sensitivity gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) were used for a screening analysis of classic drugs and new psychoactive substances and their metabolites in urine of formed heroin addicts under methadone maintenance therapy. Sample preparation involved a liquid-liquid extraction. The UHPLC-HRMS method included Accucore™ phenyl Hexyl (100 × 2.1 mm, 2.6 μm, Thermo, USA) column with a gradient mobile phase consisting of mobile phase A (ammonium formate 2 mM in water, 0.1% formic acid) and mobile phase B (ammonium formate 2 mM in methanol/acetonitrile 50:50 (v/v), 0.1% formic acid) and a full-scan data-dependent MS2 (ddMS2) mode for substances identification (mass range 100–1000 m/z). The GC-MS method employed an ultra-Inert Intuvo GC column (HP-5MS UI, 30 m, 250 µm i.d, film thickness 0.25 µm; Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and electron-impact (EI) mass spectra were recorded in total ion monitoring mode (scan range 40–550 m/z). Urine samples from 296 patients with a history of opioid use disorder were examined. Around 80 different psychoactive substances and/or metabolites were identified, being methadone and metabolites the most prevalent ones. The possibility to screen for a huge number of psychotropic substances can be useful in suspected drug related fatalities or acute intoxication/exposure occurring in emergency departments and drug addiction services.

Selective reagent ionisation-time of flight-mass spectrometry: a rapid technology for the novel analysis of blends of new psychoactive substances

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Lanza ◽  
W. Joe Acton ◽  
Philipp Sulzer ◽  
Kostiantyn Breiev ◽  
Simone Jürschik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Selective Reagent

scholarly journals Drug use and possession, emerging of new psychoactive substances in the West Bank, Palestine

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basma Damiri ◽  
Wasef Sayeh ◽  
Mahran Odeh ◽  
Haytham Musmar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
West Bank ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
The West

scholarly journals Trends in Drug Abuse: Cannabis in the Era of Post-new Psychoactive Substances

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-172
Author(s):  
Masahiko Funada ◽  
Kenichi Mishima
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Psychoactive Substances
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