Adaptive Robotic Communication Using Coordination Costs

2007 ◽  
pp. 165-175
Author(s):  
Avi Rosenfeld ◽  
Gal A Kaminka ◽  
Sarit Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Costs

The strategic choice of contract types in business process outsourcing

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Ge ◽  
Xiaoyan Wang ◽  
Zhilin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Strategic Choice ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Business Process Outsourcing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Coordination Costs ◽  
Adaptation Costs

PurposeHow to determine the appropriate contractual structure for an outsourcing relationship has been a major theme in the business process outsourcing (BPO) literature. Drawing on transaction cost economics, this study aims to examine how anticipated coordination and adaptation costs in a BPO relationship affect the choice of contract types. Specifically, this research categorizes contracts types (fixed-price, time and materials and hybrid contracts) based on levels of contract design comprehensiveness and flexibility to change.Design/methodology/approachThe research setting is the BPO for a focal firm, involving a contractor. Data from 153 US companies are collected using a structured questionnaire on senior executives of functional areas of marketing, IT and finance. Hypotheses were tested using ordered probit model.FindingsThe results show that maturity is negatively associated with anticipated adaptation costs, while modularity and IT detachability are negatively related to anticipated coordination costs. Furthermore, adaptation costs have a direct impact on the choice, whereas the anticipated coordination costs do not have a significant direct impact on contract choice. The strength of adaptation costs' impact, however, is significantly reduced when coordination costs are high.Originality/valueThis study explicitly examines the role of anticipated coordination and adaptation costs in shaping the strategic choice of contract types in the BPO market. By differentiating the two types of anticipated transaction costs, this research enables a better understanding of the dynamics between transaction characteristics, anticipated transaction costs and contract types in complicated relationships such as BPO relationships.

High-Frequency Trading and its Role in Fragmented Markets

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Haferkorn
Keyword(s):  
Market Efficiency ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Efficient Market Hypothesis ◽  
High Frequency Trading ◽  
Electronic Market ◽  
Coordination Costs ◽  
Major Transformation ◽  
Securities Trading ◽  
Term Analysis

Securities trading underwent a major transformation within the last decade. This transformation was mainly driven by the regulatory induced fragmentation and by the increase of high-frequency trading (HFT). On the basis of the electronic market hypothesis, which poses that coordination costs decline when markets become automated, and the efficient market hypothesis in its semi-strong form, we study the effect of HFT on market efficiency in the European fragmented market landscape. In doing so, we further incorporate the realm of financialization, which criticizes the increase in transaction speed. By conducting a long-term analysis of CAC 40 securities, we find that HFT increases market efficiency by leveling midpoints between Euronext Paris and Bats Chi-X Europe. On the basis of a crosscountry event study, we analyze the effect of the German HFT Act. We observe that the midpoint dispersion of blue chip securities between the two leading venues Deutsche Boerse and Bats Chi-X Europe increased. We conclude that HFT increases market efficiency in the European market landscape by transmitting information between distant markets.

The impact of within-industry diversification on firm performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1475-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varaporn Pangboonyanon ◽  
Kiattichai Kalasin
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
Coordination Costs ◽  
Industry Diversification ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how within-industry diversification affects the financial performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in emerging markets (EMs). The authors draw on both the resource-based view and the institutional perspective and argue that within-industry diversification can enhance the financial performance of SMEs in EMs. Due to institutional voids in emerging economies, SMEs can gain additional benefits from scope economies, as well as from market returns, by filling product market voids and gaps in business ecosystems, while also enjoying low input and labor costs that reduce the coordination costs of diversification. This, in turn, enhances benefits of within-industry diversification, thereby resulting in higher financial profitability. Design/methodology/approach This study employs panel data econometrics to estimate the model. The authors test hypotheses on 195 firms, originating from five countries in Southeast Asia, during the period of 2009–2014. Findings The empirical results support the arguments. Within-industry diversification has a positive impact on the performance of SMEs in EMs. These effects become weaker when the institutional contexts are more developed. Nevertheless, such effects become stronger when SMEs in EMs are more efficient. Research limitations/implications The relationship between within-industry diversification and performance is a positive linear pattern, which differs from the pattern in advanced economies. In addition to unrelated diversification, the related diversification is preferable for firms in EMs. Practical implications The paper provides implications for SMEs that aim to enhance their performance by engaging in single product lines and within-industry diversification. Originality/value This paper examines the different ways within-industry diversification can enhance SMEs performance in EM contexts.

scholarly journals An Evolutionary Game Analysis of Synergetic Innovation behaviour in regional innovation networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 03032
Author(s):  
Dong Li ◽  
Chunyan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Software Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
University Research ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Independent Innovation ◽  
Coordination Costs ◽  
The Government

Regional innovation network has become an important way to improve national independent innovation ability and promote regional and social development. This paper studies the evolution of the synergetic innovation system of industry-university-Research Collaboration under the government behaviour, constructs an asymmetric evolutionary game model between the government and industry-university Research collaboration, and analyses the influence of parameter changes on synergetic innovation decisionmaking behaviour. The results showed that the government’s regulatory costs, subsidies from the government, the production, will take the profit resulting from the synergetic innovation behavior, coordination costs and government punishment, and one party to the cooperative behaviour decision to bring the other side of the loss factors such as size, to participate in Innovation decision-making behaviour of the subject of dynamic evolution path and the results have important influence to the use of MATLAB software evolution paths of related factors under different conditions and the trend of simulation test and verify.

scholarly journals Free to move or trapped in your group: Mathematical modeling of information overload and coordination in crowded populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (09) ◽  
pp. 1831-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Ciallella ◽  
Emilio N. M. Cirillo ◽  
Petru L. Curşeu ◽  
Adrian Muntean
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Interpersonal Attraction ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Square Lattice ◽  
Coordination Costs ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
Number Of Individuals

We present modeling strategies that describe the motion and interaction of groups of pedestrians in obscured spaces. We start off with an approach based on balance equations in terms of measures and then we exploit the descriptive power of a probabilistic cellular automaton model.Based on a variation of the simple symmetric random walk on the square lattice, we test the interplay between population size and an interpersonal attraction parameter for the evacuation of confined and darkened spaces. We argue that information overload and coordination costs associated with information processing in small groups are two key processes that influence the evacuation rate. Our results show that substantial computational resources are necessary to compensate for incomplete information — the more individuals in (information processing) groups the higher the exit rate for low population size. For simple social systems, it is likely that the individual representations are not redundant and large group sizes ensure that this non-redundant information is actually available to a substantial number of individuals. For complex social systems, information redundancy makes information evaluation and transfer inefficient and, as such, group size becomes a drawback rather than a benefit. The effect of group sizes on outgoing fluxes, evacuation times and wall effects is carefully studied with a Monte Carlo framework accounting also for the presence of an internal obstacle.

A Case Study in the Role of Trust in Web Service Securities

2011 ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
Pauline Ratnasingam
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Exchange Relationships ◽  
Business Partners ◽  
Coordination Costs ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Online Exchange

The Internet, a rapidly expanding global computer and communication infrastructure, has facilitated the emergence of digitization and globalization that in turn has permitted businesses to extensively engage in foreign investments. The reasons for using the Internet include: first considerably reducing the coordination costs involved in inter-organizational transactions. Second, business partners from remote locations are able to communicate and coordinate together using Web services and finally, the widespread adoption of open standards on the Web has greatly reduced the complexities thereby providing flexibility in conducting inter-organizational transactions. According to Forrester Research, e-commerce in the U.S. will grow at 19% reaching $230 billion by 2008. Today firms are attempting to attain their value chain goals by offering and selling products and services in an increasingly competitive market environment. Given the uncertainties of online transactions, Web services encourage the creation of institutional structures for online exchange relationships. Building upon the notion of institutional structures, this chapter examines the role of technology trust that develops through governance mechanisms and provides structural assurances that in turn enhance relationship trust thereby reducing and mitigating risks in Web services.

Servitization and business performance: the moderating effects of environmental uncertainty

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 803-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Longwei Wang ◽  
Jie Gao ◽  
Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Demand Uncertainty ◽  
Adjustment Costs ◽  
Manufacturing Firm ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technological Turbulence ◽  
Coordination Costs ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose To obtain in-depth explanations of the effects of servitization, this paper aims to analyse the benefits and costs at different servitization levels. The authors also investigate the moderating roles of demand uncertainty and technological turbulence on such effects. Design/methodology/approach The authors use the resource-based view (RBV) and transaction cost economics (TCE) to analyse the varying benefits and costs associated with servitization at its different levels and proposes the hypotheses. Then they use the survey data of 239 Chinese manufacturing firms to empirically test these hypotheses. Findings The interplay among service benefits, adjustment costs and coordination costs results in a nonlinear relationship between servitization and business performance. A negative servitization–performance relationship is observed at low levels of servitization as adjustment costs would be dominant. At moderate servitization levels, a positive relationship is observed because service benefits increase substantially and outweigh the increase in adjustment and coordination costs. As servitization levels further increase, coordination costs become dominant and a negative servitization–performance relationship reappears. The study further shows the significant moderating role of demand uncertainty and the insignificant moderating role of technological turbulence. Research limitations/implications This study provides a nuanced understanding of the curvilinear effects of servitization on business performance in response to the calls for detailed insights from quantitative studies. Practical implications The findings provide guidance on the degree to which the manufacturing firm should extend its service businesses based on demand and technological environments. Originality/value This is one of the pioneering empirical studies applying RBV and TCE to examine the varying benefits and costs across different servitization levels. The findings provide insight into the ongoing discussion about “service paradox” and “deservitization”.

scholarly journals Maximum Closeness Centrality k-Clubs: A Study of Dock-Less Bike Sharing

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ali Rahim Taleqani ◽  
Chrysafis Vogiatzis ◽  
Jill Hough
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Closeness Centrality ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Greedy Heuristic ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Coordination Costs ◽  
Bike Sharing

In this work, we investigate a new paradigm for dock-less bike sharing. Recently, it has become essential to accommodate connected and free-floating bicycles in modern bike-sharing operations. This change comes with an increase in the coordination cost, as bicycles are no longer checked in and out from bike-sharing stations that are fully equipped to handle the volume of requests; instead, bicycles can be checked in and out from virtually anywhere. In this paper, we propose a new framework for combining traditional bike stations with locations that can serve as free-floating bike-sharing stations. The framework we propose here focuses on identifying highly centralized k-clubs (i.e., connected subgraphs of restricted diameter). The restricted diameter reduces coordination costs as dock-less bicycles can only be found in specific locations. In addition, we use closeness centrality as this metric allows for quick access to dock-less bike sharing while, at the same time, optimizing the reach of service to bikers/customers. For the proposed problem, we first derive its computational complexity and show that it is NP-hard (by reduction from the 3-SATISFIABILITY problem), and then provide an integer programming formulation. Due to its computational complexity, the problem cannot be solved exactly in a large-scale setting, as is such of an urban area. Hence, we provide a greedy heuristic approach that is shown to run in reasonable computational time. We also provide the presentation and analysis of a case study in two cities of the state of North Dakota: Casselton and Fargo. Our work concludes with the cost-benefit analysis of both models (docked vs. dockless) to suggest the potential advantages of the proposed model.

Synergy, coordination costs, and diversification choices

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 624-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Maggie Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Costs
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