Infections with Influenza A/H3N2/ Subtype in Poland in the 2016/2017 Epidemic Season

The aim of the present study was identifying of molecular and genetic changes in hemaglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA) and non-structure protein (NS1) genes of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 strains, that circulated in Ukraine during 2015-2016 epidemic season. Samples (nasopharyngeal swabs from patients) were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). Phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA 7 software. 3D structures were constructed in Chimera 1.11.2rc software. Viruses were collected in 2015-2016 season fell into genetic group 6B and in two emerging subgroups, 6B.1 and 6B.2 by gene of HA and NA. Subgroups 6B.1 and 6B.2 are defined by the following amino acid substitutions. In the NS1 protein were identified new amino acid substitutions D2E, N48S, and E125D in 2015-2016 epidemic season. Specific changes were observed in HA protein antigenic sites, but viruses saved similarity to vaccine strain. NS1 protein acquired substitution associated with increased virulence of the influenza virus.

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Incidence of Amantadine-resistant Influenza A Virus Isolated in 1999/2000 Epidemic Season in Shizuoka Prefecture

Kansenshogaku zasshi ◽

10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.75.576 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 75 (7) ◽

pp. 576-577

Author(s):

Keiji SAHARA ◽

Masaaki SUGIEDA ◽

Hiromi NAGAOKA ◽

Masato AKIYAMA ◽

Hiromi UENOYAMA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza A Virus ◽

Influenza A ◽

Epidemic Season ◽

Shizuoka Prefecture

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Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccines Elicits Higher Antibody Responses against the A(H3N2) Subtype than Non-Adjuvanted Vaccines

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines8040704 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 704

Author(s):

Laura Sánchez de Prada ◽

Iván Sanz Muñoz ◽

Javier Castrodeza Sanz ◽

Raúl Ortiz de Lejarazu Leonardo ◽

José María Eiros Bouza

Keyword(s):

Influenza Vaccine ◽

Influenza A ◽

Seasonal Influenza ◽

The Elderly ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Serological Response ◽

Serum Samples ◽

H3n2 Subtype ◽

Serological Studies ◽

Vaccination Campaigns

Background: vaccination is the best approach to prevent influenza infections so far. Serological studies on the effect of different vaccine types are important to address vaccination campaigns and protect our population. In our study, we compared the serological response against influenza A subtypes using the non-adjuvanted influenza vaccine (NAIV) in adults and the elderly and the adjuvanted influenza vaccine (AIV) in the elderly. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis by hemagglutination inhibition assay (HI) of serum samples right before and 28 days after seasonal influenza vaccination during the 1996–2017 seasons. Conclusions: The AIV presents better performance against the A(H3N2) subtype in the elderly whereas the NAIV induces a better response against A(H1N1)pdm09 in the same group.

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Sequence analysis of reassortants within H3N2 subtype influenza A virus circulated in Hong Kong, 2014–2017

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease ◽

10.1016/j.tmaid.2019.101510 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 101510

Author(s):

Liang Chen ◽

Jiasheng Xiong ◽

Li Peng ◽

Pengfei Yang ◽

Hao Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Sequence Analysis ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Influenza A ◽

H3n2 Subtype

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First Documented Case of Influenza A (H3N2 Subtype) Infection in a Patient With Complete Interferon Gamma Receptor 1 Deficiency

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal ◽

10.1097/inf.0000000000001141 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 712-713 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peter Olbrich ◽

Lola Falcón-Neyra ◽

Agueda Molinos-Quintana ◽

Magdalena Aguero-Sánchez ◽

Olaf Neth

Keyword(s):

Interferon Gamma ◽

Influenza A ◽

H3n2 Subtype ◽

Documented Case ◽

Gamma Receptor

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Influenza A(H1N1)pdm 2009 and influenza B virus co-infection in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients during the 2015–2016 epidemic season in Israel

Journal of Clinical Virology ◽

10.1016/j.jcv.2017.01.002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 88 ◽

pp. 12-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Rakefet Pando ◽

Yaron Drori ◽

Nehemya Friedman ◽

Aharona Glatman-Freedman ◽

Hanna Sefty ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Influenza B Virus ◽

Influenza B ◽

Epidemic Season ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

B Virus

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Hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers as a correlate of protection against influenza disease in the 2018/2019 epidemic season in Poland

Acta Biochimica Polonica ◽

10.18388/abp.2020_5088 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ewelina Hallmann-Szelińska ◽

Karol Szymański ◽

Katarzyna Łuniewska ◽

Katarzyna Kondratiuk ◽

Lidia Bernadeta Brydak

Keyword(s):

Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽

Influenza A ◽

Age Groups ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Influenza B Virus ◽

Influenza B ◽

Epidemic Season ◽

Hemagglutination Inhibition Test ◽

Inhibition Antibody

The aim of this study was to determine the level of antibodies against hemagglutinin of influenza viruses in the sera of people in the seven age groups in the epidemic season 2018/2019 in Poland. The level of anti-hemagglutinin antibodies was determined by hemagglutination inhibition test (HAI). 1050 clinical samples from all over the country were tested. The level of antibodies against influenza viruses was highest in the 10–14 age group for A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2) and B/Phuket/3073/2013 Yamagata lineage antigens. These results confirm the circulation of four antigenically different influenza virus strains, two subtypes of influenza A virus – A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1)pdm09 and A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2) and two lineages of influenza B virus – B/Colorado/06/2017 – Victoria lineage and B/Phuket/3073/2013 Yamagata lineage.

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DRIFT OF INFLUENA A(H3N2) VIRUS: BIOLOGICAL, ANTIGENIC AND GENETIC PROPERTIES IN EPIDEMIC SEASON 2016-2017 IN RUSSIA AND COUNTRIES OF THE NOTHERN HEMYSPHERE

Voprosy Virusologii ◽

10.18821/0507-4088-2018-63-2-61-68 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 61-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. K. Lvov ◽

E. I. Burtseva ◽

E. S. Kirillova ◽

L. V. Kolobukhina ◽

E. A. Mukasheva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Northern Hemisphere ◽

Influenza A ◽

H3n2 Virus ◽

Research Centre ◽

Federal State ◽

Influenza B Virus ◽

Influenza B ◽

Epidemic Season ◽

B Virus

The article presents the features of the influenza virus circulation for the period from October 2016 to May 2017 in some territories of Russia collaborating with the D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Institution “N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology”, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. One of the 2016-2017 season’s peculiarities in Russia and countries of the Northern hemisphere was the earlier start of an increase in ARD morbidity with peak indexes reached towards the end of December 2016 - January 2017. First, influenza A(H3N2) virus was predominant; then, it was followed by influenza B virus activity observed until the end of the season. The indexes of morbidity were higher than in the previous season, while the rates of hospitalization and mortality were lower, lethal cases being detected in persons 65 years old and older. Epidemic strains of influenza A(H3N2) virus belonged to 3c.2a genetic group, reference strain A/Hong Hong/4408/2014, and its subgroup 3c.2a1, reference A/Bolzano/7/2016, that are antigenically similar. Strains of influenza B virus were antigenically similar to the B/Brisbane/60/2008 vaccine virus. Strains were sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir. The share participation of non-influenza ARI viruses was similar to preliminary epidemic seasons. WHO has issued recommendations for influenza virus vaccines composition for 2017-2018 for the Northern hemisphere.

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Influenza in the COVID-19 era: principles of modern pharmacotherapy

Medical Council ◽

10.21518/2079-701x-2021-16-100-108 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100-108

Author(s):

N. B. Lazareva

Keyword(s):

Generation Time ◽

Influenza A ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Reproductive Number ◽

Epidemic Season ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Significant Public Health Problem ◽

Significant Public Health ◽

Spread Of Infection

Influenza is one of the most common infectious diseases and a significant public health problem. Every year, the influenza virus causes 3–5 million severe cases, millions hospitalizations and approximately 650,000 deaths. According to WHO four new influenza strains are projected to circulate in the 2020–2021 epidemic season. Influenza A and B strains are: A/Guangdong-Maonan/ SWL1536/2019 (H1N1) pdm09, A/Hong Kong/2671/2019 (H3N2), B/Washington/02/2019 (Victoria lineage), B/ Phuket/3073/2013 (Yamagata lineage). In this context, the problem of prescribing rational antiviral therapy is particularly importance. COVID-19, along with influenza, is a group of respiratory viral infections, but important differences exist in terms of viral agents and the spread of infection. Important differences include the rate of transmission. The average incubation period and generation time (the time between infecting one person and infecting another) for influenza are shorter. COVID-19 may be more severe, causing complications and deaths in 3–4% of cases. The estimated generation time for COVID 19 is 5-6 days, while for influenza it is 3 days. According to the latest data, the reproductive number, i.e., the number of people who can be infected by one patient, is in the range of 2 to 2.5 in COVID 19, which is higher than in influenza. Only a laboratory test can accurately identify the type of pathogen and distinguish it from influenza and other respiratory viruses. Neuraminidase inhibitors are currently first-line drugs recommended by WHO for the treatment and prevention of influenza.

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