The Economic Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Developing World

2009 ◽  
pp. 365-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Developing World

scholarly journals A one health framework to estimate the cost of antimicrobial resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal M. Morel ◽  
◽  
Richard A. Alm ◽  
Christine Årdal ◽  
Alessandra Bandera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Hospital Perspective ◽  
Local Health Service ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Objectives/purpose The costs attributable to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remain theoretical and largely unspecified. Current figures fail to capture the full health and economic burden caused by AMR across human, animal, and environmental health; historically many studies have considered only direct costs associated with human infection from a hospital perspective, primarily from high-income countries. The Global Antimicrobial Resistance Platform for ONE-Burden Estimates (GAP-ON€) network has developed a framework to help guide AMR costing exercises in any part of the world as a first step towards more comprehensive analyses for comparing AMR interventions at the local level as well as more harmonized analyses for quantifying the full economic burden attributable to AMR at the global level. Methods GAP-ON€ (funded under the JPIAMR 8th call (Virtual Research Institute) is composed of 19 international networks and institutions active in the field of AMR. For this project, the Network operated by means of Delphi rounds, teleconferences and face-to-face meetings. The resulting costing framework takes a bottom-up approach to incorporate all relevant costs imposed by an AMR bacterial microbe in a patient, in an animal, or in the environment up through to the societal level. Results The framework itemizes the epidemiological data as well as the direct and indirect cost components needed to build a realistic cost picture for AMR. While the framework lists a large number of relevant pathogens for which this framework could be used to explore the costs, the framework is sufficiently generic to facilitate the costing of other resistant pathogens, including those of other aetiologies. Conclusion In order to conduct cost-effectiveness analyses to choose amongst different AMR-related interventions at local level, the costing of AMR should be done according to local epidemiological priorities and local health service norms. Yet the use of a common framework across settings allows for the results of such studies to contribute to cumulative estimates that can serve as the basis of broader policy decisions at the international level such as how to steer R&D funding and how to prioritize AMR amongst other issues. Indeed, it is only by building a realistic cost picture that we can make informed decisions on how best to tackle major health threats.

The health and economic burden of antimicrobial resistance

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Driss Ait Ouakrim ◽  
Alessandro Cassini ◽  
Michele Cecchini ◽  
Diamantis Plachouras
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Economic Burden

Clinical and economic burden of antimicrobial resistance

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 751-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa L Maragakis ◽  
Eli N Perencevich ◽  
Sara E Cosgrove
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Economic Burden

scholarly journals A One Health framework to estimate the cost of antimicrobial resistance.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Morel ◽  
Richard Alm ◽  
Christine Ardal ◽  
Alessandra Bandera ◽  
Giacomo Bruno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Hospital Perspective ◽  
Local Health Service ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Objectives/Purpose The costs attributable to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remain theoretical and largely unspecified. Current figures fail to capture the full health and economic burden caused by AMR across human, animal, and environmental health; historically many studies have considered only direct costs associated with human infection from a hospital perspective, primarily from high-income countries. The Global Antimicrobial Resistance Platform for ONE-Burden Estimates (GAP-ON€) network has developed a framework to help guide AMR costing exercises in any part of the world as a first step towards more comprehensive analyses for comparing AMR interventions at the local level as well as more harmonized analyses for quantifying the full economic burden attributable to AMR at the global level.Methods GAP-ON€ (funded under the JPIAMR 8th call (Virtual Research Institute) is composed of 19 international networks and institutions active in the field of AMR. For this project, the Network operated by means of Delphi rounds, teleconferences and face-to-face meetings. The resulting costing framework takes a bottom-up approach to incorporate all relevant costs imposed by an AMR bacterial microbe in a patient, in an animal, or in the environment up through to the societal level. Results The framework itemizes the epidemiological data as well as the direct and indirect cost components needed to build a realistic cost picture for AMR. While the framework lists a large number of relevant pathogens for which this framework could be used to explore the costs, the framework is sufficiently generic to facilitate the costing of other resistant pathogens, including those of other aetiologies. Conclusion In order to conduct cost-effectiveness analyses to choose amongst different AMR-related interventions at local level, the costing of AMR should be done according to local epidemiological priorities and local health service norms. Yet the use of a common framework across settings allows for the results of such studies to contribute to cumulative estimates that can serve as the basis of broader policy decisions at the international level such as how to steer R&D funding and how to prioritize AMR amongst other issues. Indeed, it is only by building a realistic cost picture that we can make informed decisions on how best to tackle major health threats.

scholarly journals Management of antimicrobial resistance in a hospital: current state and future prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-286
Author(s):  
O.E. Karpov ◽  
Vitaly G. Gusarov ◽  
M.N. Zamyatin ◽  
O.A. Orlova ◽  
L.V. Petrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Treatment Quality ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship Program ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Current State ◽  
Stewardship Program

The analysis of the current state of antimicrobial resistance was performed and used as the basis for the implementation of modern tools of antimicrobial stewardship program in hospital practice. As a result, the structure of nosocomial pathogens and the prevalence of resistant isolates in a hospital were affected. Antibiotic consumption and economic burden of antimicrobial resistance have decreased, and treatment quality indicators for nosocomial infections have changed.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance: Prevalence, Economic Burden, Mechanisms of Resistance and Strategies to Overcome

2021 ◽  
pp. 106103
Author(s):  
Thiruchelvi Pulingam ◽  
Thaigarajan Parumasivam ◽  
Amirah Mohd. Gazzali ◽  
Azlinah Mohd. Sulaiman ◽  
Jiun Yee Chee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance

The health and economic burden of antimicrobial resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Ait Ouakrim ◽  
A Cassini ◽  
M Cecchini ◽  
D Plauchoras
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Current State

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has profound consequences for the treatment of infections. By limiting treatment options, it often makes it necessary to resort to antibiotics with a broader spectrum of action some of which are potentially less effective or safe than narrow-spectrum antibiotics. This limitation in our ability to treat infections effectively has an impact on health care budgets but also broader and potentially disastrous consequences on a variety of economic sectors. This presentation provides an overview of the health and economic burden of AMR. It first presents the current state of knowledge on the epidemiology of AMR and discusses the main analytical challenges in determining the current and long-term effects of resistance on populations in terms of morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital stay. In addition, a summary of the current literature on the economic impact of AMR is provided along with a detailed discussion of the characteristics and limitations of existing economic models. Finally, it identifies the main knowledge gaps and suggests avenues for future research and approaches to address them.

The Direct Economic Disease Burden of Healthcare-associated Infections (HAIS) and Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): A Preliminary Study in a Teaching Hospital of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinliang Liu ◽  
Rajeev Shrestha ◽  
Pramesh Koju ◽  
Bedana Maharjan ◽  
Poonam Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Length Of Hospitalization

Abstract Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have been becoming the public and global health issues. The purpose of this study is to estimate the direct economic burden attributable to HAIs and AMR.Methods: This study applied propensity score matching (PSM) methodology to conduct a prospective case-control study of direct disease burden attributable to HAIs and AMR 16th December, 2017 to 16th April, 2018 in a teaching hospital in Nepal. Clinical information was retrieved from Hospital Health Information and electronic medical record systems, as well as the microbiology lab system. The finance system was used to determine the health expenditure and length of hospitalization of HAIs, HAIs-AMR and Non-HAIs patients. STATA 12.0 was used to conduct descriptive analysis, (bivariate) χ2 test, paired/independent T test, PSM (B=0.25a, nearest neighbour 1:1 matching, General Boosted Model, GBM). The statistically significant level was set at P < 0.05.Results: HAIs patients and HAIs-AMR patients had statistically significant higher expenditures and longer length of hospital days than Non-HAI inpatients during the study period (P<0.05). The additional average total medical expenditure, medicines expenditure, out-of-pocket expenditure and length of hospitalization per patient caused by HAIs were 17,224.93 Rupees, 11,947.49 Rupees, 15,776.57 Rupees and 7 days, respectively. In the meantime, the extra total medical expenditure, medicines expenditure, out-of-pocket expenditure and length of hospitalization attributable to HAIs-AMR were 39,879.63 Rupees, 21,173.63 Rupees, 38,770.87 Rupees and 9 days, respectively. Moreover, the percentage of out-of-pocket expenditure accounting for total medical expenditure of HAIs Group was 94.24% while it was 96.75% of HAIs-AMR Group.Conclusions: It was the first time to apply the research framework of the previous study in China to estimate the direct economic burden caused by HAIs and AMR in a teaching hospital of Nepal. HAIs and AMR have substantially led to excess direct economic burden for patients and their family due to the low Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and low health expenditure in Nepal. This calls for active collaboration with developed countries to reduce the threat caused by HAIs and AMR to prevent the transnational communication.

scholarly journals PIN43 THE ECONOMIC BURDEN OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE: RESULTS FROM A TARGETED LITERATURE REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S201
Author(s):  
S. Ringwala ◽  
C. Smallwood ◽  
S. Gala ◽  
N. Osman
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Economic Burden
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