Benzyl Alcohol, Benzaldehyde, Benzoic Acid

1971 ◽  
pp. 797-805
Author(s):  
John Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol

Interferences with potentiometry of CO2 in the Ektachem 400 Analyzer.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Steelman ◽  
C H Smith ◽  
A Menon ◽  
B T Thach ◽  
R E Hillman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Keto Acids ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Toxic Concentrations ◽  
Saline Solutions

Abstract We have investigated the Kodak Ektachem 400 Analyzer procedure for CO2 for interferences from benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, and several compounds structurally similar to benzoic acid. Benzoic acid in plasma, at concentrations found in neonates intoxicated with benzyl alcohol, caused a large increase in the results for CO2, as did substantially above-normal concentrations of certain fatty acids and keto-acids, and toxic concentrations of aspirin. We observed a correlation between increasing benzoic acid concentrations (up to 17 mmol/L) and falsely increasing CO2 values (greater than 47 mmol/L) obtained with the Ektachem Analyzer for samples from a neonate in the intensive-care unit, who was receiving benzyl alcohol-preserved saline solutions. Although the Ektachem CO2 procedure is simple and rapid, and in most cases accurate, questionable results are occasionally encountered, as indicated by a low anion gap or a measured CO2 exceeding that calculated from blood gas measurements. Such results require the use of another method for verification.

New sterically encumbered arylimido hexamolybdates for organic oxidation reactions

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 1004-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritambhara Jangir ◽  
Rajendran Antony ◽  
Ramaswamy Murugavel
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Aryl Amines ◽  
Organic Oxidation

Surface modification of the parent hexamolybdate by aryl amines results in useful catalysts for the oxidation of cyclohexene to cyclohexene epoxide and benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde and benzoic acid.

Synthesis and Characterization of Manganese Oxide and Investigation of its Catalytic Activities for Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol in Liquid Phase

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ilyas ◽  
Muhammad Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Nitrogen Effect ◽  
Oxidation Of Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Reaction Performance ◽  
Catalyst Effect

Manganese oxide was prepared by mechano-chemical process in solid state and was characterized by chemical and physical techniques. Chemical techniques include determination of oxygen content while physical techniques, includes surface area and pore size analyses, particle size, XRD, FTIR and SEM analyses. The synthesized manganese oxide was shown to have octahedral layered structure. The catalytic activity of manganese oxide was studied by carrying out the oxidation of benzyl alcohol in liquid phase using n-octane as solvent at temperature (<373) and oxygen pressure of up to one atmosphere. Benzaldehyde and benzoic acid were identified as the reaction products. However, benzoic acid appeared in reaction mixture after complete conversion of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde. Influence of different reaction parameters like comparison of reduced and unreduced catalyst, leaching of catalyst, effect of air, oxygen and nitrogen, effect of catalyst loading, life span of catalyst, effect of time and effect of partial pressure of oxygen on the reaction performance was studied. The catalyst can easily be separated from the reaction mixture by filtration, and can be regenerated by washing with water and ethanol and drying at 323 K.

scholarly journals Influence of Synthetic Flavorings on the Migration Activity of Tribolium confusum and Sitophilus granarius

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-177
Author(s):  
Oleksii Titov ◽  
Viktor Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Isoamyl Alcohol ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
Sitophilus Granarius ◽  
Migratory Activity ◽  
Phenethyl Alcohol

Abstract Flavorings and volatile biologically active substances, used by humans for various purposes, may potentially have fumigating, repellent, or attractive effects on various species of anthropod storage pests. Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, 1863 (Tenebrionidae) and Sitophilus granarius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Curculionidae) are the two most abundant pests of grain and grain products; the damage they cause to stored products of horticulture is 5–20% of the total yield of grain crops. In the experiment, we video-recorded migratory activity of beetles and evaluated it according to standard time periods (10, 20, 30, 60, and 120 seconds after the start of the experiment). No reliable influence of the 15 tested flavoring substances (benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, toluene, hydroquinone, phenethyl alcohol, pinene, methylparaben, kojic acid, formic acid, isoamyl alcohol, tartaric acid, glycine, succinic acid, stearic acid, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) on moving activity of Tribolium confusum was found. Exposure to benzyl alcohol brought a reliable decrease in locomotor activity of Sitophilus granarius (it exerted an attractant effect on imagoes as compared with the variant of the experiment without aromatic substances): 6.09 times more imagoes of S. granarius remained at a minimal distance from the aroma source than in the control, 6.07 more while exposed to hydroquinone, 5.50 to phenethyl alcohol, 4.50 to glycine, 3.44 to EDTA, 3.30 to toluene, 3.18 to methylparaben, 2.84 to succinic acid, 2.65 to benzoic acid, and 2.15 more when exposed to formic acid compared with the control variant of the experiment. Other surveyed flavoring substances (benzyl alcohol, pinene, kojic acid, isoamyl alcohol, tartaric acid, and stearic acid) had no significant effect on migratory activity of imagoes of S. granarius. The results allow us to recommend benzyl alcohol, hydroquinone, phenethyl alcohol, and glycine as potential luring substances or components of multicomponent flavoring mixtures during the assessment of the number of S. granarius in grain storage and processing facilities.

Defect engineering of nickel hydroxide nanosheets by Ostwald ripening for enhanced selective electrocatalytic alcohol oxidation

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianlang Chen ◽  
Xing Zhong ◽  
Bowen Yuan ◽  
Suiqin Li ◽  
Yongbing Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Nickel Hydroxide ◽  
Electrocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Ostwald Ripening ◽  
Alcohol Oxidation ◽  
Defect Engineering

Selective electrocatalytic oxidation (ECO) of benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid or benzaldehyde over 1.0 h-Ni(OH)2 with excellent conversion, selectivity, and stability in a two compartment H cell is presented.

Synthesis of acid free benzaldehyde by highly selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol over recyclable supported palladium catalyst.

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annam Renita A ◽  
Sunitha Salla ◽  
Shanthana Lakshmi Duraikannu
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Selective Oxidation ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Sodium Borohydride ◽  
Oxide Catalyst ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Oxidation Of Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Doped Graphene

Aim and Objectives: This research work deals with the highly selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde by palladium doped graphene oxide catalyst which was synthesized by a modified Hummer’s method. The effect of reaction parameters like temperature, time and catalyst loading were studied. It was found that fine tuning of reaction temperature and presence of small amount of benzyl alcohol in product prevents undesirable formation of benzoic acid crystals which forms on auto oxidation of benzaldehyde. Benzoic acid or substituted benzoic acid formation was hindered by the presence of < 2% benzyl alcohol at a reaction temperature of 50˚C which was further supported by palladium doped graphene oxide catalyst. Materials and Methods: Modified Hummer’s method was used for the synthesis of graphene oxide and palladium doped graphene oxide was synthesized by insitu method in which graphene oxide dispersed in 20mL of distilled water was ultrasonicated for 2h. Palladium solution was added and it was further ultrasonicated for 30min for homogeneous deposition of palladium on graphene oxide support. To this, 2 mL of sodium borohydride solution was added and stirred at room temperature for 4h. The resulting solution was centrifuged and the residue was dried at 60°C for 12 h. Results: The morphological characteristics and the functional groups of supported catalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the produced benzaldehyde was characterized by gas chromatography. Conclusion: PdGO catalyst was prepared using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent by modified Hummer’s method and utilized for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde. A maximum conversion of 89% and selectivity of 99% was obtained and the catalyst could be reused upto five times without any compromise on conversion and selectivity.

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