Agricultural Extension Policy in Malawi: Past Experiences and Future Directions

1998 ◽  
pp. 176-189
Author(s):  
M. A. Nambote
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Past Experiences

Experience Effects in Finance: Foundations, Applications, and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1339-1363
Author(s):  
Ulrike Malmendier
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Future Research ◽  
International Capital ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Recency Effects ◽  
Experience Based Learning ◽  
Experience Effects ◽  
Trade Dynamics ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Stock Market Investment

Abstract This article establishes four key findings of the growing literature on experience effects in finance: (i) the long-lasting imprint of past experiences on beliefs and risk taking; (ii) recency effects; (iii) the domain-specificity of experience effects; and (iv) imperviousness to information that is not experience-based. I first discuss the neuroscientific foundations of experience-based learning and sketch a simple model of its role in the stock market based on Malmendier et al. (2020a, b). I then distill the empirical findings on experience effects in stock-market investment, trade dynamics, and international capital flows, highlighting these four key features. Finally, I contrast models of belief formation that rely on “learned information” with models accounting for the neuroscience evidence on synaptic tagging and memory formation, and provide directions for future research.

Fertility transition in Asia: Past experiences and future directions

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-68
Author(s):  
Bhakta B. Gubhaju ◽  
Yoshie Moriki-Durand
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Past Experiences

scholarly journals An Environmental Justice Perspective on Smallholder Pesticide Use in Sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 107049652097440
Author(s):  
Ellinor Isgren ◽  
Elina Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
Sub Saharan

Pesticide use is increasing in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, and many smallholders purchase, handle, and apply toxic pesticides with inadequate equipment, knowledge, and technical support. Through the frame of environmental justice, this literature-based study analyzes characteristics, impacts, and drivers of smallholder pesticide use in sub-Saharan Africa, with particular attention to Uganda as a case. We find that market liberalization, poor regulation enforcement, and persistent neglect of agricultural extension place the burden of risk largely on farmers, while perceived necessity of pesticides and the elusive nature of impacts (especially under conditions of insufficient monitoring) likely delay social mobilization around pesticides. The environmental justice frame, which has seen limited application in smallholder contexts, importantly helps delineate future directions for research and practice. It is particularly effective for redirecting focus from highly limited managerial solutions for “safe use” toward deeper problem drivers and solutions capable of tackling them.

Strategies and Applications of DNA Level Diagnosis in Genetic Diseases: Past Experiences and Future Directions

1996 ◽  
pp. 409-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Singh ◽  
D.I. Rodenhiser ◽  
R.N. Ott ◽  
J.H. Jung ◽  
P.J. Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Past Experiences

scholarly journals Socially Thermoregulated Thinking: How Past Experiences Matter in Thinking about Our Loved Ones

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans IJzerman ◽  
Lison Neyroud ◽  
Rémi Courset ◽  
Michel Schrama ◽  
Jorick Post ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Total N ◽  
Social Thermoregulation ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Relationship Experiences ◽  
Regulate Body Temperature ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Past Experiences

Body temperature regulation is of crucial importance for nonhuman and human animals. Because other animals are crucial in helping to regulate body temperature, temperature differences likely determine how humans think about their social environment. Since 2008, the psychological literature on social thermoregulation has flourished with approximately 80 reports, ranging from economic decision-making to self-regulation. However, questions have arisen to its robustness and about underlying mechanisms, particularly in relation to differences in past relationship experiences. In this report, the authors used an inductive approach, exploring individual differences to identify items that alter the temperature-social thought relationship in a pilot (Study 1), and confirming the effects in Study 2 (total N for 1 and 2 = 366), both of which were not pre-registered. After a first review with the present journal, we preregistered our replication and successfully replicated our effects in a French sample (N = 350). Coldness (vs. warmth) makes people think about closer others when past relationship experiences were positive, while the reverse is true for negative past relationship experiences. These robust results provide future directions for the field of social thermoregulation.

scholarly journals Plant functional types in Earth system models: past experiences and future directions for application of dynamic vegetation models in high-latitude ecosystems

2014 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan D. Wullschleger ◽  
Howard E. Epstein ◽  
Elgene O. Box ◽  
Eugénie S. Euskirchen ◽  
Santonu Goswami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Plant Functional Types ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
System Models ◽  
Functional Types ◽  
Vegetation Models ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Earth System Models
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