Sociologies Perspectives on Unregistered Marriages in Muslim Socities

The study focuses on the practical concept of the unregistered marriage at the Marawola Sub-district. It seeks to understand factors that cause the practices and their sociological impacts. The study aims to recognize the practical concept of the unregistered marriage, factors affecting the practices, and their sociological impacts. The study is a descriptive research by nature. It employs different data collection techniques while adopting qualitative approach in its data analysis. The setting of the study is at the Marawola Sub-district. The findings of the study show that there were a lot of people in the community under the authority of the Marawola Sub-district practiced unregistered marriages. They made mention that the reasons for their practices which were derived from their interviews were legal because they believed that the unregistered marriages have fulfilled terms and conditions for lawful marriages. They argued that a marriage registration is only for the legalization of the marriage. The reasons for the unregistered marriage practices covered many factors. First, it is due to the ignorance of the community in regards to procedures for a marriage registration at the Marawola Sub-district. Other reasons are related to administrative requirements for a marriage registration and marriages by accident due to pregnancies. In addition, unlawful actions of irresponsible individuals in the community who helped perpetrators to find a shortcut for the Unregistered Marriages could also cause the insurgence of the practices. These all brought sociological impacts in their society especially for wives and children where there is no legal protection for them. Hence, there was no recognition from formal law which then resulted in long-term social impacts and negative turmoil in the community.

Stochastic Flood Risk Assessment under Climate Change Scenarios for Toronto, Canada Using CAPRA

Amongst all natural disasters, floods have the greatest economic and social impacts worldwide, and their frequency is expected to increase due to climate change. Therefore, improved flood risk assessment is important for implementing flood mitigation measures in urban areas. The increasing need for quantifying the impacts of flooding have resulted in the development of methods for flood risk assessment. The aim of this study was to quantify flood risk under climate change scenarios in the Rockcliffe area within the Humber River watershed in Toronto, Canada, by using the Comprehensive Approach to Probabilistic Risk Assessment (CAPRA) method. CAPRA is a platform for stochastic disaster risk assessment that allows for the characterization of uncertainty in the underlying numerical models. The risk was obtained by integrating the (i) flood hazard, which considered future rainfall based on the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5) for three time periods (short-term: 2020–2049, medium-term: 2040–2069, and long-term: 2070–2099); (ii) exposed assets within a flood-prone region; (iii) vulnerability functions, which quantified the damage to an asset at different hazard levels. The results revealed that rainfall intensities are likely to increase during the 21st century in the study area, leading to an increase in flood hazards, higher economic costs, and social impacts for the majority of the scenarios. The highest impacts were found for the climate scenario RCP 8.5 for the long-term period and the lowest for RCP 4.5 for the short-term period. The results from this modeling approach can be used for planning purposes in a floodplain management study. The modeling approach identifies critical areas that need to be protected to mitigate future flood risks. Higher resolution climate change and field data are needed to obtain detailed results required for a final design that will mitigate these risks.

From success to unrest: the social impacts of tourism in Barcelona

Purpose This study aims to examine the main factors and the related impacts that have caused a negative shift in the social perception of tourism among residents of Barcelona. Namely, it contextualises the recent evolution of the impacts and the social perception of tourism among the city’s residents; analyses the relationship between the social perception of tourism and different tourist, real estate, demographic and economic factors; and lastly, it identifies the social impacts that majorly influence the negative perception among residents in every neighbourhood. Design/methodology/approach This study applies quantitative and qualitative techniques to a selection of five neighbourhoods of Barcelona. First, the character of the neighbourhoods was analysed, and external statistical information was later provided to understand the state and evolution of the factors that shape perceptions of tourism. Secondly, representatives of the community movements were interviewed in-depth. This consecutive qualitative approach enabled the comprehension of how these factors shape the residents’ perception. Findings The results showed that residents generally shared similar perceptions despite variations among neighbourhoods. Perceived negative effects included not only the most direct consequences of tourism such as anti-social behaviour and congestion of public spaces but also indirect ones such as population displacement and the weakening of social structures. Originality/value This study’s innovation lies in linking objective statistical data that describe the reality of a tourist neighbourhood (housing prices, number of available beds, family income, etc.), to the subjective perceptions of its residents. Thus, it is possible to identify the perceived impacts of tourism (which have an impact on the local population’s satisfaction), and relate these to the true evolution of tourism variables in the neighbourhood. This contrasted reading between perception and reality is important for future initiatives for the regulation of tourism in the city.

Social Impacts of Blockchain Innovations in the Malaysian Socio-Economic Transformation 2030

This chapter highlights the challenges, opportunities, and social impacts of blockchain technology in the creation of a vibrant STIE ecosystem for Malaysia. As a systemic approach, the 10-10 Malaysian Science, Technology, Innovation, and Economy (10-10 MySTIE) Framework outlines the applications of blockchain vis-à-vis nine other technologies in 10 socio-economic sectors or Malaysian Grand Challenges (MGC). As Malaysia embarks on socio-economic transformation into a knowledge-intensive economy by 2030, five challenges must be addressed before leveraging on the opportunities presented by blockchain innovations in the MGCs. The economic and social impacts of blockchain as a catch-up or leap-frogging technology can be further explored to raise the return on value and competitiveness in the corresponding 30 national niche areas. In conclusion, readers may benefit from experiential learning using the process flow for ecosystem development and templates for 8i ecosystem and collaborative platform for carbon footprint using blockchain innovations.