Atmospheric Field Experiments for Evaluating Pollutant Transport and Dispersion in Complex Terrain

1985 ◽  
pp. 507-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Gudiksen ◽  
M. H. Dickerson ◽  
R. Lange ◽  
J. B. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Pollutant Transport

Mesoscale numerical modeling of pollutant transport in complex terrain

1987 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Pielke ◽  
R. W. Arritt ◽  
M. Segal ◽  
M. D. Moran ◽  
R. T. McNider
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Pollutant Transport

The Complex Terrain Measurement and Modeling Project of Land–Atmosphere Energy Exchanges (COMPLEX) Experiment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Herrera ◽  
Carlos Hoyos ◽  
Julián Urán
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Orographic Rainfall ◽  
Energy Exchanges

<p>The heterogeneity of the urban features, in addition to the inherent challenges added by highly complex terrain, has not allowed the scientific community to reach a complete understanding of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) dynamics regarding the land-atmosphere interactions. The intricacies are higher when trying to simulate the observed interactions and their implications for air quality in a numerical modeling framework.</p><p> </p><p>Over the last two decades, the ABL research community has dedicated several research efforts to study turbulent exchanges and ABL processes over complex terrain, and the implications of the particular features of these sites have on turbulence characteristics. A better knowledge of the ABL structure and dynamics is fundamental to understand processes such as air pollutant dispersion and disposal in the atmosphere, development and evolution of deep convection, and urban effects on meteorology. One of the aspects hindering our understanding is the lack of pertinent information from urbanized mountainous regions representative of the entire globe, useful to assess the different hypotheses and conceptual models of the Mountain Boundary Layer (MBL) dynamics. Most of the short- and long-term ABL field experiments in mountainous terrains have taken place over the high-latitude regions such as the Alps and the Rockies, and few over in the tropical Andes, where the Cordillera plays an essential role in controlling orographic rainfall intensification and the ventilation in inter-Andean valleys, resulting in knowledge gap regarding momentum, and latent and sensible heat flux exchanges over low-latitude, urban, complex terrain regions. In addition to a top-down approach, it is essential to follow a bottom-up strategy to study in detail the turbulent heat, mass, and momentum transfer in the Andean region.</p><p>The COMPLEX Experiment (COmplex terrain Measurement and modeling Project of Land-atmosphere Energy eXchanges) is a new effort focused on the long-term energy balance measurement campaign settled in the Aburrá Valley, a narrow highly complex mountainous-urban terrain located in the Colombian Andes. The primary purpose of this campaign is to identify the more relevant phenomenological features and processes responsible for ABL spatio-temporal variability, and land-atmosphere interactions in inter-Andean valleys. The long-term observational set-up includes eight sites equipped with turbulent flux sensors and net radiometers, in a cross-section of the valley, a microwave radiometer, a boundary layer radar, a scintillometer, and radiosonde intense observation periods (IOPs). We present the status of the COMPLEX experiment equipment deployment and preliminary results on the relationship of the transition between the stable boundary layer and the convective boundary layer and air quality in the region, and an exploration of the diurnal cycle of the different turbulent terms of the energy budget as a function of time and hill location.</p>

Surface-layer scaling for thermally-driven up-slope flows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dino Zardi
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Thermally Driven

<p>Sloping terrain of any inclination favour the development, under daytime heating, of thermally-driven organised flows, displaying peculiar boundary layer structures, and eventually triggering the development of atmospheric convection.</p><p>The ubiquitous occurrence of variously tilted surfaces - from gently sloping plains top steep cliffs, or valley sidewalls – makes the understanding of such flows of utmost importance in view of the appropriate forecasting of the associated boundary layer transport processes. These may display quite a different structure from those, much better known, occurring over horizontal plain surfaces [1]. Also, they display a highly conceptual relevance, as the simplest, prototypal situations for many other thermally driven-flows over complex terrain [2]. Finally, with the increasing resolution of operational model runs, a more accurate parameterisation of these processes is required for a realistic simulation of their development in space and time.   </p><p>However, up-slope flows have received so far much less attention than downslope flows originating from cooling, which have been extensively investigated by means of theoretically analysis, field experiments and numerical simulations. Even the theoretical analysis on their onset and structure are rather limited (e.g. to gentle slopes: [3]). Analytical solutions, such as Prandtl’s [4], rely on severely restrictive assumptions (parallel flow, constant or slowly varying eddy viscosity and diffusivity, along-slope invariance of the ambient factors). Extensions of such solutions relaxing those restrictions are still limited [5]. Even extensive high-resolution numerical simulations are rare, and not much progress has been made after Schumann’s [6]. Further insight, especially on the conditions for flow separation, have been gained through laboratory-scale simulations [7], which however are limited to moderate flow situations.</p><p>The proposed presentation offers a comprehensive overview of our present understanding of these phenomena, ideas for scaling laws appropriate for these winds, and challenging open questions for future research.</p><p><strong>References</strong></p><ol><li>Rotach, M. W., and D. Zardi, 2007: On the boundary layer structure over complex terrain: Key findings from MAP. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 133, 937-948.</li> <li>Zardi, D. and C. D. Whiteman, 2013: Diurnal Mountain Wind Systems, Chapter 2 in “Mountain weather research and forecasting – Recent progress and current challenges” (Chow, F. K., S. F. J. De Wekker, and B. Snyder Editors), Springer Atmospheric Sciences, Springer, Berlin.</li> <li>Hunt, J. C. R., H. J. S. Fernando, and M. Princevac, 2003: Unsteady thermally driven flows on gentle slopes. J. Atmos. Sci., <strong>60</strong>, 2169-2182.</li> <li>Prandtl L. 1942. Führer durch die strömungslehre, ch. V. Vieweg und Sohn [English translation: Prandtl, L., 1952: Mountain and Valley Winds in Stratified Air, in Essentials of Fluid Dynamics, Hafner Publishing Company, pp.422-425].</li> <li>Zammett, R. J., and A. C. Fowler, 2007: Katabatic winds on ice sheets: A refinement of the Prandtl model. J. Atmos. Sci., <strong>64</strong>, 2707–2716.</li> <li>Schumann U. 1990. Large-eddy simulation of the up-slope boundary layer. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. <strong>116</strong>, 637–670.</li> <li>Hilel Goldshmid, R.; Bardoel, S.L.; Hocut, C.M.; Zhong, Q.; Liberzon, D.; Fernando, H.J.S. Separation of Upslope Flow over a Plateau. Atmosphere 2018, <strong>9</strong>, 165.</li> </ol>

An experimental study of nightime air-pollutant transport over complex terrain in Athens

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Asimakopoulos ◽  
D. Deligiorgi ◽  
C. Drakopoulos ◽  
C. Helmis ◽  
K. Kokkori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Pollutant Transport ◽  
Air Pollutant

Pollutant transport over complex terrain: Flux and budget calculations for the pollumet field campaign

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (17) ◽  
pp. 3027-3044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lehning ◽  
Hans Richner ◽  
Gregory L. Kok
Keyword(s):  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Pollutant Transport ◽  
Field Campaign
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