TERRESTRIAL RADIANT ENERGY EXCHANGES ACROSS TROPOPAUSE OVER PUNE

Fort nightly auuusphe ric sound ings """ilh radiomete r are bei ng made al Pu ne after th e sunset Thedam obtained o ver an (" iih t yea r pe riod. 1978-1985 an d on occasions ....'hen th ese so unl.Hnis reac hed stratosp hereh aw bee n studied in o rde r 10 obta in a pictu re of th e terr estri al radiant ene rgy excha nges (infrared rad iative !luxexchanges) Berms the tropopause. It is Iound th ai th e tropopause .:ene raJly loses energy almust th rough out the yearexceru du ring the monso on period . Th e net lo ss in rad iant euC' rgy by the tropo pause is 1.4Wm - ~. Th e losses in th epre-monsoo n and th e post -monsoon pe riod s are respectivel y 3.4 Wm - =an d 41 Wrn - ~ . whereas the gai n du ring th emonsoon .'Il!'IIS(ln is 5.2 Wm - : . Winh' r losses amo um rc 6.ft Wm - ~ , These valu es. however, vary wide ly in individualca ses depc nding upon th e sky cover. ROl l the d epth nf water vapo ur ..:o lumo .

Energy exchanges between ocean and atmosphere in relation to southwest monsoon performance over India

Energy fluxes over Indian seas have been computed for pre-monsoon and monsoon months of the years 1987 and 1988 using bulk aerodynamic equations with exchange coefficients which vary with wind speed and stability, The years 1987 and 1988 have bee~ chosen due to the constrasting nature of the performances of Indian summer monsoon during these years. Besides energy fluxes several other oceanographic parameters, viz., SST, sea-air temperature difference, 'Bowen ratio'and 'rate of wind work' have been computed and examined. The distributions of these parameters over Indian seas during 1987 and 1988 reveal several constrasting features. Some of these features provide predictive indications of monsoon performance.

Applications of Big Data and AI in Electric Power Systems Engineering

The production, transmission, and distribution of energy can only be made stable and continuous by detailed analysis of the data. The energy demand needs to be met by a number of optimization algorithms during the distribution of the generated energy. The pricing of the energy supplied to the users and the change for investments according to the demand hours led to the formation of energy exchanges. This use costs varies for active or reactive powers. All of these supply-demand and pricing plans can only be achieved by collecting and analyzing data at each stage. In the study, an electrical power line with real parameters was modeled and fault scenarios were created, and faults were determined by artificial intelligence methods. In this study, both the power flow of electrical power systems and the methods of meeting the demands were investigated with big data, machine learning, and artificial neural network approaches.

Relativity and View Effects

Relativity has been based on the implicit assumption that it would exclusively describe interactions. Relativistic view effects are included as well, and they act with no force and no energy exchanges. The Ehrenfest paradox is solved. View effects specific to each point of view are the solution. The calculation of the deflection of light by the sun explains in detail why the deflection angle must be almost double the value obtained with Newton’s laws. The compatibility of General Relativity with the new interpretation is discussed. An object has no speed limit due to gravitation but it is limited in speed with electromagnetism. Inertial behavior is examined. The equivalence principle does not introduce gravitation to General Relativity. Relativity impacts the energy formula of electromagnetism using the Lorentz factor which also introduces view effects that are optical illusions with no impact on energy.

Attack and Defense Strategy of Distribution Network Cyber-Physical System Considering EV Source-Charge Bidirectionality

In the last few years, there has been an exponential increase in the penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) due to their eco-friendly nature and ability to support bidirectional energy exchanges with the power cyber-physical system. However, the existing research only proposes energy management in terms of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) support using fleets of EVs, which lacks research on EV attacks. Motivated by these facts, this paper first introduces a new data integrity attack strategy for a consistent energy management algorithm which considers electric vehicles as energy storage. In particular, we consider EV aggregators as energy storage with source-charge bidirectional characteristics. The attacker carefully constructs false information to manipulate aggregators to participate in scheduling and obtaining additional benefits on the premise of meeting the constraints of microgrid and various devices by attacking the consistent algorithm. Then, we propose a disturbance rejection control strategy combining privacy protection protocols and an isolation mechanism. We analyze the effectiveness of the proposed encryption mechanism and verify the feasibility of the isolation control algorithm by simulation and comparison.

Relativity and View Effects

Relativity has been based on the implicit assumption that it would exclusively describe interactions. Relativistic view effects are included as well, and they act with no force and no energy exchanges. The Ehrenfest paradox is solved. View effects specific to each point of view are the solution. The calculation of the deflection of light by the sun explains in detail why the deflection angle must be almost double the value obtained with Newton’s laws. The compatibility of General Relativity with the new interpretation is discussed. An object has no speed limit due to gravitation but it is limited in speed with electromagnetism. Inertial behavior is examined. The equivalence principle does not introduce gravitation to General Relativity. Relativity impacts the energy formula of electromagnetism using the Lorentz factor which also introduces view effects that are optical illusions with no impact on energy.

A Blockchain-Supported Framework for Charging Management of Electric Vehicles

Profound changes driven by decarbonization, decentralization, and digitalization are disrupting the energy industry, bringing new challenges to its key stakeholders. In the attempt to address the climate change issue, increasing penetration of renewables and mobility electrification augment the complexity of the electric grid, thus calling for new management approaches to govern energy exchanges while ensuring reliable and secure operations. The emerging blockchain technology is regarded as one of the most promising solutions to respond to the matter in a decentralized, efficient, fast, and secure way. In this work, we propose an Ethereum-based charging management framework for electric vehicles (EVs), tightly interlinked with physical and software infrastructure and implemented in a real-world demonstration site. With a specifically designed solidity-based smart contract governing the charging process, the proposed framework enables secure and reliable accounting of energy exchanges in a network of trustless peers, thus facilitating the EVs’ deployment and encouraging the adoption of blockchain technology for everyday tasks such as EV charging through private and semi-private charging infrastructure. The results of a multi-actor implementation case study in Switzerland demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed blockchain framework and highlight its potential to reduce costs in a typical EV charging business model. Moreover, the study shows that the suggested framework can speed up the charging and billing processes for EV users, simplify the access to energy markets for charging station owners, and facilitate the interaction between the two through specifically designed mobile and web applications. The implementation presented in this paper can be used as a guideline for future blockchain applications for EV charging and other smart grid projects.

Relativity and View Effects

Relativity has been based on the implicit assumption that it would exclusively describe interactions. Relativistic view effects are included as well, and they act with no force and no energy exchanges. The Ehrenfest paradox is solved. View effects specific to each point of view are the solution. The calculation of the deflection of light by the sun explains in detail why the deflection angle must be almost double the value obtained with Newton’s laws. The compatibility of General Relativity with the new interpretation is discussed. An object has no speed limit due to gravitation but it is limited in speed with electromagnetism. Inertial behavior is examined. The equivalence principle does not introduce gravitation to General Relativity. Relativity impacts the energy formula of electromagnetism using the Lorentz factor which also introduces view effects that are optical illusions with no impact on energy.