Effect of 1-Hydroxy-3-aminopyrrolidone-2 and Other CNS Depressants on Metabolic Compartmentation in the Brain

1975 ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanns P. Möhler ◽  
Ambrish J. Patel ◽  
Robert Balázs
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Compartmentation ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Cerebral metabolism of acetate and glucose studied by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. A technique for investigating metabolic compartmentation in the brain

1990 ◽  
Vol 266 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Badar-Goffer ◽  
H S Bachelard ◽  
P G Morris
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Metabolic Compartmentation ◽  
Cerebral Amino Acids ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
The Brain

The time courses of incorporation of 13C from 13C-labelled glucose or acetate into cerebral amino acids (glutamate, glutamine and 4-aminobutyrate) and lactate were monitored by using 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. When [1-13C]glucose was used as precursor the C-2 of 4-aminobutyrate was more highly labelled than the analogous C-4 of glutamate, whereas no label was observed in glutamine. A similar pattern was observed with [2-13C]glucose: the C-1 of 4-aminobutyrate was more highly labelled than the analogous C-5 of glutamate. Again, no labelling of glutamine was detected. In contrast, [2-13C]acetate labelled the C-4 of glutamine and the C-2 of 4-aminobutyrate more highly than the C-4 of glutamate; [1-13C]acetate also labelled the C-1 and C-5 positions of glutamine more than the analogous positions of glutamate. These results are consistent with earlier patterns reported from the use of 14C-labelled precursors that led to the concept of compartmentation of neuronal and glial metabolism and now provide the possibility of distinguishing differential effects of metabolic perturbations on the two pools simultaneously. An unexpected observation was that citrate is more highly labelled from acetate than from glucose.

Metabolic Compartmentation in the Brain

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 424-424
Author(s):  
F. Plum
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Compartmentation ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Lactate and Ketone Bodies Act as Energy Substrates as Well as Signal Molecules in the Brain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Metabolic Compartmentation ◽  
Immunological Diseases ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
The Brain

Astroglia or astrocytes, the most abundant cells in the brain, are interposed between neuronal synapses and the microvasculature in the brain’s gray matter. This unique anatomical location allows astroglia to play pivotal roles in brain metabolism as well as in the regulation of cerebral blood flow. In particular, astroglial cellular metabolic compartmentation exerts supportive roles in dedicating neurons to the generation of action potentials and protects neurons against the oxidative stress associated with their high energy consumption. Key products of astroglia include lactate and ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate), which can also be produced avidly by muscle and liver, respectively. Therefore, brain cells, skeletal muscles, and hepatocytes constitute a metabolic compartmentation in the whole body. In this chapter, I will focus on brain cells, especially astroglia, since the impairment of normal astroglial function can lead to numerous neurological disorders including stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, and neuro-immunological diseases. I will also discuss the metabolic responses of brain cells in terms of food consumption and exercise. A better understanding of the astroglial metabolic response is expected to lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for diverse neurological diseases.

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