Effective Community Supervision Programming

Abstract Aim To determine which community-based interventions are most effective at reducing unscheduled hospital care for hypoglycaemic events in adults with diabetes. Methods Medline Ovid, CINAHL Plus and ProQuest Health and Medical Collection were searched using both key search terms and medical subject heading terms (MeSH) to identify potentially relevant studies. Eligible studies were those that involved a community-based intervention to reduce unscheduled admissions in adults with diabetes. Papers were initially screened by the primary researcher and then a secondary reviewer. Relevant data were then extracted from papers that met the inclusion criteria. Results The search produced 2226 results, with 1360 duplicates. Of the remaining 866 papers, 198 were deemed appropriate based on titles, 90 were excluded following abstract review. A total of 108 full papers were screened with 19 full papers included in the review. The sample size of the 19 papers ranged from n = 25 to n = 104,000. The average ages within the studies ranged from 41 to 74 years with females comprising 57% of the participants. The following community-based interventions were identified that explored reducing unscheduled hospital care in people with diabetes; telemedicine, education, integrated care pathways, enhanced primary care and care management teams. Conclusions This systematic review shows that a range of community-based interventions, requiring different levels of infrastructure, are effective in reducing unscheduled hospital care for hypoglycaemia in people with diabetes. Investment in effective community-based interventions such as integrated care and patient education must be a priority to shift the balance of care from secondary to primary care, thereby reducing hospital admissions.

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Effective community division based on improved spectral clustering

Neurocomputing ◽

10.1016/j.neucom.2017.06.085 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 279 ◽

pp. 54-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yi Xu ◽

Zhi Zhuang ◽

Weimin Li ◽

Xiaokang Zhou

Keyword(s):

Spectral Clustering ◽

Effective Community

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Resilience from coastal protection

Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1098/rsta.2014.0383 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 373 (2053) ◽

pp. 20140383 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lesley C. Ewing

Keyword(s):

Cultural Values ◽

San Francisco ◽

Coastal Communities ◽

Coastal Hazards ◽

Community Safety ◽

Coastal Protection ◽

Shore Protection ◽

Coastal Community ◽

Effective Community ◽

Key Aspects

Coastal areas are important residential, commercial and industrial areas; but coastal hazards can pose significant threats to these areas. Shoreline/coastal protection elements, both built structures such as breakwaters, seawalls and revetments, as well as natural features such as beaches, reefs and wetlands, are regular features of a coastal community and are important for community safety and development. These protection structures provide a range of resilience to coastal communities. During and after disasters, they help to minimize damages and support recovery; during non-disaster times, the values from shoreline elements shift from the narrow focus on protection. Most coastal communities have limited land and resources and few can dedicate scarce resources solely for protection. Values from shore protection can and should expand to include environmental, economic and social/cultural values. This paper discusses the key aspects of shoreline protection that influence effective community resilience and protection from disasters. This paper also presents ways that the economic, environmental and social/cultural values of shore protection can be evaluated and quantified. It presents the Coastal Community Hazard Protection Resilience (CCHPR) Index for evaluating the resilience capacity to coastal communities from various protection schemes and demonstrates the use of this Index for an urban beach in San Francisco, CA, USA.

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A Dual Experiment in Intensive Community Supervision: Minnesota's Prison Diversion and Enhanced Supervised Release Programs

The Prison Journal ◽

10.1177/0032855595075003005 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 330-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

ELIZABETH PIPER DESCHENES ◽

SUSAN TURNER ◽

JOAN PETERSILIA

Keyword(s):

Public Safety ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Community Supervision ◽

Diversion Program ◽

Intensive Supervision ◽

National Institute Of Justice ◽

Supervised Release

In 1990, Minnesota enacted legislation to implement an intensive community supervision program as an alternative both to prison and to routine parole. The National Institute of Justice funded RAND to evaluate the program. This article reports on two randomized field experiments designed to measure the implementation and impact of the programs. Detailed information on offender background, services received, and 1-year outcomes was collected for 300 participants. Results showed that the programs were fairly well implemented. Two-year follow-up results indicated that prison-diversion offenders under intensive community supervision posed no greater risk to public safety than those initially sentenced to prison. The prison-diversion program resulted in savings of about $5,000 per offender per year, but these savings were offset by the greater cost of intensive supervision for parolees.

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