Maximal Exercise Stress Test

Background Analgesic effect of exercise is a well established fact; however available reports are contradictory on gender differences in pain perception following exercise stress test. Objective The current study is prospectively designed to evaluate and compare the effect of acute bout of sub-maximal exercise stress on cold pressor pain in normal adult males and females. Method The experimental study design involved healthy adults (n= 41); females (n = 18) and males (n=23) aged between 18 to 25 years and included them into four sets of experiments: SET I (Control), “resting blood pressure, radial pulse and respiratory rate were recorded after 15 minutes of complete supine relaxation. SET II (Cold Pressor Pain Test): Pain Threshold, Pain Tolerance, and Pain Duration in seconds were taken. SET III (Exercise Stress Test): Sub-maximal exercise of 70 to 75% of maximum predicted heart rate was given for 6 minutes. SET IV (Cold Pressor Pain Test immediately after Exercise Stress Test): At 0 minute of recovery again the pain parameters; Pain Threshold, Pain Tolerance, and Pain Duration in seconds were taken. SET I, SET II were performed in order on the first day and SET III and SET IV on the second day to ensure only a single Cold Pressor Pain Test is performed in each day. Result The data (Mean ±SD) analysis showed significant increased in pain threshold (males: 14.36±10.6 Vs 21.47±13seconds, p<0.001, females: 14.1±11.5 Vs 23.81± 20.22 seconds, p<0.001) and pain tolerance time (males: 41.3±19.31Vs 54.1±21.7 seconds, p<0.001) in both sexes after 6 min of acute bout of sub-maximal exercise stress test with comparable age, BMI and baseline resting values of pain parameters and pulse rate and blood pressure. The percentage increment pain tolerance time following the exercise stress in female is higher than male (78.6 Vs 68.9%). Conclusion The result suggests that pain sensation decreases immediately after a brief period of exercise challenge irrespective of gender, and the analgesic effect of the acute bout of exercise in terms of pain tolerant time is more enhanced in females than males. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i1.11028 Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.11(1) 2013: 54-59

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Reproducibility of pulse contour analysis in children before and after maximal exercise stress test: The Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) Study

Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging ◽

10.1111/j.1475-097x.2010.00989.x ◽

2010 ◽

pp. no-no

Author(s):

Aapo Veijalainen ◽

Tuomo Tompuri ◽

Hanna-Maaria Lakka ◽

Tomi Laitinen ◽

Timo A. Lakka

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Maximal Exercise ◽

Stress Test ◽

Exercise Stress Test ◽

Pulse Contour Analysis ◽

Pulse Contour ◽

Exercise Stress ◽

Contour Analysis ◽

Before And After

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Abstract MP80: Increased Physical Fitness Is Associated With Greater Improvement In Cardiac Parasympathetic Function Among The Obese Than Overweight Or Normal Weight Individuals

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.mp80 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Ehimen Aneni ◽

Ebenezer Oni ◽

Lara Roberson ◽

Romeu Meneghelo ◽

Michael Blaha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Maximal Exercise ◽

Stress Test ◽

Exercise Stress Test ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Exercise Stress ◽

Metabolic Equivalents ◽

The Impact ◽

Weight Groups

Introduction: The impact of physical fitness on heart rate recovery (HRR), a marker of cardiac parasympathetic activity, has rarely been studied across weight categories. We examined the effect of physical fitness across different weight categories on HRR at 2 minutes after exercise stress test in an asymptomatic cohort. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of 525 Brazilian subjects, free of known cardiovascular disease that underwent exercise stress test. Metabolic equivalents at maximal exercise (METS) were calculated from the volume of oxygen consumed during maximal exercise (VO2max). HRR was defined as peak exercise HR minus HR after 2minutes rest. Weight was classified into obese (BMI ≥ 30), overweight (BMI 25 -29) and normal weight (BMI <25). Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 51% and 19% respectively. There was a positive significant correlation between METS and HRR (r= 0.34 p<0.001). The mean HRR was higher among the normal weight than the overweight or obese (92 vs. 89 vs.76 beats; p<0.001) while the average (mean) METS decreased across increasing weight categories (10.6 vs. 10.4 vs. 9.1 METS; p <0.001). In a fully adjusted linear regression model, for every unit increase in METS the HRR increased by 2.0 beats among the obese (p<0.005), 1.1 beats among the overweight (p<0.001) and 0.8 beats among the normal weight (p=0.143). These increases were significantly different among the 3 groups (p<0.001). Line fitted plots (figure below) showed that the increase in HRR associated with increasing METS was greater among the obese than the other weight groups and at high METS value (about 13 METS) the HRR are similar regardless of BMI. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that increasing fitness increases HRR, with greater benefit in the obese than other weight groups. Physical fitness, not simply weight loss, should be advocated in the obese. More studies are required to fully understand the temporal relationship between BMI, physical fitness and HRR.

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Exercise Hypertension – A Review

Swiss Sports & Exercise Medicine ◽

10.34045/ssem/2019/14 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Maximal Exercise ◽

Blood Pressure Response ◽

Stress Test ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Exercise Stress Test ◽

Exercise Stress ◽

Different Populations ◽

Definition Of ◽

Response To Exercise

The actual significance and definition of hypertensive response to exercise (HRE) is still debated. Up to now, there is consensus in defining it as a systolic blood pressure value of either ≥ 210 mmHg in men and ≥ 190 mmHg in women or a diastolic blood pressure ≥ 110 mmHg during maximal exercise stress test. The mechanisms underlying an exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise are poorly understood; however, there are studies suggesting that HRE may represent a preclinical stadium of essential hypertension, which shares several common pathological mechanisms mostly related to an endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffness. In this article we review the present knowledge with particular respect to prognostic significance and diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in different populations. A separate section is dedicated to athletes with HRE.

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