<p class="Corpoica">Múltiples estudios han mostrado los beneficios ambientales, económicos y productivos que se pueden generar al incluir vegetación natural en los márgenes de los cultivos. Esto se debe principalmente a que la presencia de hábitats naturales favorece factores bióticos y abióticos que pueden afectar negativamente las plagas. Con base en lo anterior, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar y comparar el efecto de márgenes compuestos por plantaciones de palma de aceite y bosques de galería sobre el control biológico natural de <em>Spodoptera frugiperda </em>en cultivos de arroz. Para esto, se seleccionó un área de estudio en el piedemonte llanero colombiano (Villanueva, Casanare), compuesta por grandes extensiones de cultivos de arroz rodeados por plantaciones de palma de aceite y bosques de galería. Se evaluó la abundancia de <em>S. frugiperda </em>en estados de larva y adulto, el parasitismo de huevos y larvas, y la diversidad de enemigos naturales y de otros artrópodos. Se observó aumento en la presencia de insectos benéficos y disminución de la población de la plaga en los estadios de larva y adulto en cercanías a los márgenes. Se identificó la importancia de parasitoides como <em>Apanteles marginiventris </em>y depredadores, en especial correspondientes al orden Odonata para el control natural de <em>S. frugiperda</em>. Se encontró que tanto las plantaciones de palma de aceite como los bosques de galería promueven el control biológico natural de <em>S. frugiperda</em>; sin embargo, aspectos como la baja calidad del hábitat y la aplicación constante de insumos químicos afectaron los resultados significativamente<em>.</em></p><p class="Corpoica"><em> </em></p><p class="Corpoica"><strong>Incidence of the margins on the natural biological control of </strong><strong><em>Spodoptera frugiperda </em></strong><strong>(J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in rice crops</strong></p><p class="Corpoica">Multiple researches have shown the environmental, economic and productive benefits that can be generated when including natural vegetation in the margins of the crops. This happens thanks to the presence of natural habitats, which are the ones that promote biotic factors such as natural enemies and abiotic ones as temperature, humidity o rain that can affect negatively the pests. The objective of this research was to evaluate and compare the effect of other natural systems present at the same landscape such as crop of oil palm and gallery forests over the natural biological control of <em>Spodoptera frugiperda </em>in growing areas of rice. For this purpose, an area of study was selected at the Colombian plain foothills (Villanueva, Casanare), a place that is characterized for having big extensions of rice, surrounded by oil palms plantations and gallery forests. The abundance of <em>S. frugiperda </em>in the stages of larva and imago was evaluated, as well as the parasitism of eggs and larvae and the diversity of natural enemies and other arthropods. It was found that plantations of oil palm, as the gallery forests promote the natural biological control of <em>S. frugiperda </em>by increasing the diversity of the natural enemies and reduction of the pest population in the borders of the crop. The importance of parasitoids as <em>Apanteles marginiventris </em>and predators of the order Odonata in the control of <em>S. frugiperda </em>was identified. It is highlighted the importance to associate perennial crops as oil palm with transitory crops as rice in the planning of agroecosystems on the region and promote the conservation of gallery forest, as long as they can become key factors in the natural biological control of pests. Nevertheless, aspects as the low quality of the habitat and frequently use of chemical pesticides affected the results. </p>
Medium optimization of beta-glucanase production by Bacillus subtilis SAHA 32.6 used as biological control of oil palm pathogen