Structure and Function of the Basal Ganglia: A Point of View

1984 ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
And Function

Developmental neuropsychopathology of attention deficit and impulsiveness

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Mediating Factors ◽  
Antisocial Conduct ◽  
Brain States ◽  
And Function

Recent research on the disorders of attention and activity has indicated inherited variants of genes controlling aspects of neurotransmission, abnormalities of structure and function in regions of frontal lobes and basal ganglia, failures to suppress inappropriate responses, and a cascade of failures in various kinds of cognitive performance and organization of behavior. This review integrates the neurodevelopmental findings with findings from developmental psychopathology. It outlines several developmental tracks by which constitutional factors interact with the psychological environment. In one set of tracks, altered brain states lead to cognitive alteration. An understimulating environment is evoked by (and may be genetically associated with) an inattentive and cognitively impulsive style during early childhood. In another track, impulsive and inattentive behavior shows direct continuity through childhood into late adolescence. In yet another track, impulsiveness evokes (and may be genetically associated with) critical expressed emotion from parents and inefficient coping strategies, which in turn contribute to the development of antisocial conduct. This formulation emphasizes the need for several types of research: the mapping of biological findings onto different components of disorder, the combination of genetically informative designs with direct measurement of relevant aspects of the environment, and the use of longitudinal studies to examine predictive and mediating factors separately for different aspects of outcome.

Chadic

2020 ◽  
pp. 340-358
Author(s):  
Bernard Caron
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Genetic Origin ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Asiatic Origin ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

The Chadic family is best known by Hausa and its 45 million speakers, while the other 170 or so languages count between 500,000 and a few thousand. Given their common genetic origin, what does it mean to be a Chadic language, not only in terms of retentions and innovations from their common Afro-Asiatic origin, but also from a typological point of view? The chapter begins by listing and locating the Chadic languages, while making an attempt at estimating their number of speakers. It then characterizes the typical Chadic language, describing its phonology, morphology, sentence structure, and function marking. The next section studies the relationship between Chadic and Afro-Asiatic in terms of retention and innovation. The section after that explores the typology of the Chadic family and its relationship with the Macro-Sudan belt and Africa as a linguistic area. The conclusion presents a brief assessment of the development of Chadic linguistics.

Music and Meditation: Songs in Johannes Mauburnus's Rosetum exercitiorum spiritualium

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Hascher-Burger
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Varying Length ◽  
Devotio Moderna ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time ◽  
Religious Songs

AbstractThe Rosetum exercitiorum spiritualium et sacrarum meditationum of Johannes Mauburnus is considered the most extensive and influential treatise on meditation in the circles of the late Devotio Moderna. It was printed in five editions from the late fifteenth to the early seventeenth century. Besides instructions for numerous meditations of varying length, this treatise contains seven religious songs which were intended to stir up the emotions and facilitate the correct disposition for meditation. These songs were created as contrafacts, meaning that the newly composed texts were sung to well-known melodies of liturgical hymns and religious songs. In song rubrics, Mauburnus gives precise instructions about their function as an aid to summoning the motivation for the great number of spiritual exercises that had to be accomplished by the adherents of the Devotio Moderna every day. A unique feature of the Rosetum is the combination of a concrete meditation with a corresponding written song. These songs have not yet been examined systematically. The texts were edited by Guido Maria Dreves in Analecta hymnica on the basis of the edition printed in Paris in 1510. The melodies have not yet been reconstructed. In this article, the seven contrafacts are studied for the first time from the point of view of their structure and function, and their melodies are reconstructed on the basis of liturgical sources associated with the Devotio Moderna.

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