Campylobacter jejuni: Characteristic Features of the Organism and Identification of Transmissible Plasmids in Tetracycline-Resistant Clinical Isolates

AbstractIntroduction: Campylobacter spp. are important causative agents of gastrointestinal infections in humans. The most frequently isolated strains of this bacterial genus are Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. To date, genetic methods for bacterial identification have not been used in Bulgaria. We optimized the multiplex PSR assay to identify Campylobacter spp. and differentiate C. jejuni from C. coli in clinical isolates. We also compared this method with the routinely used biochemical methods.Aim: To identify Campylobacter spp. and discriminate C. coli from C. jejuni in clinical isolates using multiplex PCR assay.Materials and methods: Between February 2014 and January 2015 we studied 93 stool samples taken from patients with diarrheal syndrome and identified 40 species of Campylobacter spp. in them. The clinical material was cultured in microaerophilic atmosphere, the isolated strains being biochemically diff erentiated (hydrolysis of sodium hippurate for C. jejuni, and hydrolysis of indoxyl acetate for C. coli). DNA was isolated from the strains using QiaAmp MiniKit (QIAGEN, Germany). Twenty strains were tested with multiplex PCR for the presence of these genes: cadF, characteristic for Campylobacter spp., hipO for C. jejuni and asp for C. coli.Results and discussion: The biochemical tests identified 16 strains of C. jejuni, 3 strains of C. coli, and 1 strain of C. upsaliensis. After the multiplex PCR assay the capillary gel electrophoresis confirmed 16 strains of C. jejuni, 2 strains of C. coli and 2 strains of Campylobacter spp. - because of the presence of the gene cadF. C. jejuni has the gene hipO, and it is possible that this gene may not be expressed in the biochemical differentiation yielding a negative reaction as a result. In comparison, we can conclude that the genetic differentiation is a more accurate method than the biochemical tests.Conclusion: The multiplex PCR assay is a fast, accurate method for identifi cation of Campylobacter spp. which makes it quite necessary in the clinical diagnostic practice.

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Rapid Emergence of High-Level Resistance to Quinolones in Campylobacter jejuni Associated with Mutational Changes in gyrA and parC

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.42.12.3276 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 42 (12) ◽

pp. 3276-3278 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Amera Gibreel ◽

Eva Sjögren ◽

Bertil Kaijser ◽

Bengt Wretlind ◽

Ola Sköld

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Quinolone Resistance ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

High Level ◽

Chromosomal Mutations ◽

Rapid Emergence ◽

Level Resistance

ABSTRACT Quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni in Sweden increased more than 20-fold at the beginning of the 1990s. Resistance to 125 μg of ciprofloxacin per ml in clinical isolates was associated with chromosomal mutations in C. jejuni leading to a Thr-86-Ile substitution in thegyrA product and a Arg-139-Gln substitution in theparC product.

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A SpoT polymorphism correlates with chill stress survival and is prevalent in clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps.2014-04055 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 93 (11) ◽

pp. 2900-2909 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.N. Nierop Groot ◽

A.G. de Boer ◽

W. van Pelt ◽

M.C. van der Hulst-van Arkel ◽

P. de Leeuw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Stress Survival

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Draft Genome Sequences of Two Campylobacter jejuni Clinical Isolates, NW and D2600

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.01338-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 194 (20) ◽

pp. 5707-5708 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. P. Jerome ◽

B. D. Klahn ◽

J. A. Bell ◽

J. E. Barrick ◽

C. T. Brown ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Draft Genome ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Genome Sequences

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Draft Genome Sequence of Campylobacter jejuni 11168H

Genome Announcements ◽

10.1128/genomea.01556-16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah E. Macdonald ◽

Ozan Gundogdu ◽

Nick Dorrell ◽

Brendan W. Wren ◽

Damer Blake ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Genome Sequence ◽

Draft Genome ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Draft Genome Sequence ◽

Content Type ◽

Food Borne ◽

Low Levels ◽

Developed World

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni is the most prevalent cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in the developed world. The reference and original sequenced strain C. jejuni NCTC11168 has low levels of motility compared to clinical isolates. Here, we describe the draft genome of the laboratory derived hypermotile variant named 11168H.

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Analysis of gyrA mutations in quinolone-resistant and -susceptible Campylobacter jejuni isolates from retail poultry and human clinical isolates by non-radioactive single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing

Journal of Applied Microbiology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02242.x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 96 (5) ◽

pp. 1040-1047 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

L. Beckmann ◽

M. Muller ◽

P. Luber ◽

C. Schrader ◽

E. Bartelt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequencing ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽

Single Strand ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Polymorphism Analysis ◽

Conformation Polymorphism Analysis ◽

Conformation Polymorphism

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Genetic characterisation of virulence genes associated with adherence, invasion and cytotoxicity in Campylobacter spp. isolated from commercial chickens and human clinical cases

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.4102/ojvr.v85i1.1507 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Samantha Reddy ◽

Oliver T. Zishiri

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Commercial Chicken ◽

Campylobacter Species ◽

Campylobacter Spp

Virulence-associated genes have been recognised and detected in Campylobacter species. The majority of them have been proven to be associated with pathogenicity. This study aimed to detect the presence of virulence genes associated with pathogenicity and responsible for invasion, expression of adherence, colonisation and production of the cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Commercial chicken faecal samples were randomly sampled from chicken farms within the Durban metropolitan area in South Africa. Furthermore, human clinical Campylobacter spp. isolates were randomly sampled from a private pathology laboratory in South Africa. Out of a total of 100 chicken faecal samples, 78% (n = 78) were positive for Campylobacter growth on modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate and from the random laboratory collection of 100 human clinical isolates, 83% (n = 83) demonstrated positive Campylobacter spp. growth following culturing methods. These samples were screened for the presence of the following virulence genes: cadF, hipO, asp, ciaB, dnaJ, pldA, cdtA, cdtB and cdtC. As expected, the cadF gene was present in 100% of poultry (n = 78) and human clinical isolates (n = 83). Campylobacter jejuni was the main species detected in both poultry and human clinical isolates, whilst C. coli were detected at a significantly lower percentage (p < 0.05). Eight per cent of the C. jejuni from human clinical isolates had all virulence genes that were investigated. Only one C. coli isolate demonstrated the presence of all the virulence genes investigated; however, the pldA virulence gene was detected in 100% of the C. coli isolates in poultry and a high percentage (71%) in human clinical C. coli isolates as well. The detection of cdt genes was found at higher frequency in poultry than human clinical isolates. The high prevalence rates of virulence genes detected in poultry and human clinical isolates demonstrate their significance in the pathogenicity of Campylobacter species.

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Characterization of Two Campylobacter jejuni Strains for Use in Volunteer Experimental-Infection Studies

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00780-08 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 76 (12) ◽

pp. 5655-5667 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Frédéric Poly ◽

Timothy D. Read ◽

Yu-Han Chen ◽

Mario A. Monteiro ◽

Oralak Serichantalergs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Southeast Asia ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Experimental Infection ◽

Type Strain ◽

Molecular Mimicry ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Capsule Locus ◽

High Degree ◽

Degree Of Similarity

ABSTRACT The development of vaccines against Campylobacter jejuni would be facilitated by the ability to perform phase II challenge studies. However, molecular mimicry of the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of most C. jejuni strains with human gangliosides presents safety concerns about the development of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Clinical isolates of C. jejuni that appeared to lack genes for the synthesis of ganglioside mimics were identified by DNA probe analyses. Two clinical isolates from Southeast Asia (strains BH-01-0142 and CG8421) were determined to express the LOS type containing N-acetyl quinovosamine. No ganglioside structures were observed to be present in the LOSs of these strains, and pyrosequence analyses of the genomes of both strains confirmed the absence of genes involved in ganglioside mimicry. The capsule polysaccharide (CPS) of BH-01-0142 was determined to be composed of galactose (Gal), 6-deoxy-ido-heptose, and, in smaller amounts, d-glycero-d-ido-heptose, and the CPS of CG8421 was observed to contain Gal, 6-deoxy-altro-heptose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, and minor amounts of 6-deoxy-3-O-Me-altro-heptose. Both CPSs were shown to carry O-methyl-phosphoramidate. The two genomes contained strain-specific zones, some of which could be traced to a plasmid origin, and both contained a large chromosomal insertion related to the CJEI3 element of C. jejuni RM1221. The genomes of both strains shared a high degree of similarity to each other and, with the exception of the capsule locus of CG8421, to the type strain of the HS3 serotype, TGH9011.

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