Measurement of Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization and its Relation to Local Functional Activity in the Brain

1991 ◽  
pp. 21-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Sokoloff
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization ◽  
Cerebral Glucose Utilization ◽  
Local Functional ◽  
The Brain

Local cerebral glucose utilization in fetal and neonatal sheep

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (4) ◽  
pp. R608-R618 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Abrams ◽  
M. Ito ◽  
J. E. Frisinger ◽  
C. S. Patlak ◽  
K. D. Pettigrew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization ◽  
Cerebral Energy Metabolism ◽  
Cerebral Glucose Utilization ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Deoxyglucose Method

The newborn mammalian brain of several species has been shown to have a lower average rate of energy metabolism and a narrower range of rates in its various components than is found in maturity. In a further study of cerebral energy metabolism during development, we have employed the [14C]deoxyglucose method for measuring local cerebral glucose utilization in fetal and neonatal sheep. After establishing the lumped constant to be 0.40 and finding the rate constants for the kinetic behavior of deoxyglucose in plasma and brain to be close to those in other species, we measured the rates of glucose utilization in 44 regions of the brain. The rates were low and homogeneous in midgestation, except for those of brain stem nuclei of the auditory and vestibular systems and those of the hippocampus which were relatively high. In the last 7 wk, local rates rose approximately threefold. After birth there was a further average increase of 50% above full-term levels. The study shows that cerebral energy metabolism rises in most structures during prenatal maturation, a time when sensory stimulation is at a relatively low level and behavioral responses are minimal.

scholarly journals Effects of Insulin on Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization in the Rat

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Lucignani ◽  
Hiroki Namba ◽  
Astrid Nehlig ◽  
Linda J. Porrino ◽  
Charles Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Ventromedial Nucleus ◽  
Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization ◽  
Cerebral Glucose Utilization ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Deoxyglucose Method

The effects of hyperinsulinemia on local cerebral glucose utilization were studied by the quantitative autoradiographic 2-[14C]deoxyglucose method in normal conscious rats under steady-state normoglycemic conditions. Hyperinsulinemia and a steady state of normoglycemia were achieved and maintained during the experimental period by a continuous intravenous (i.v.) infusion of insulin given simultaneously with a programmed i.v. infusion of D-glucose. Hyperinsulinemia under normoglycemic conditions did not change the average rate of glucose utilization in the brain as a whole, but significant increases in local glucose utilization were found selectively in the ventromedial, dorsomedial, and anterior hypothalamic nuclei. The results suggest that a known anatomical pathway linking the dorsomedial and anterior nuclei with the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus may be physiologically activated in response to hyperinsulinemia.

Local cerebral glucose utilization in brains of lean and genetically obese (fa/fa) rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (1) ◽  
pp. E29-E36
Author(s):  
P. Doyle ◽  
F. Rohner-Jeanrenaud ◽  
B. Jeanrenaud
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Afferent Pathways ◽  
Cerebral Glucose Utilization ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Obesity Syndrome

The local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) of brains from Wistar, lean Zucker (FA/FA), and obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats was investigated using the method of Sokoloff et al. (L. Sokoloff, M. Reiwich, C. Kennedy, M.H. Des Rosiers, C.S. Patlak, K.D. Pettigrew, O. Sakurada, and M. Shinohara. J. Neurochem. 28: 897–916, 1977.). The LCGU of obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats was decreased in comparison to the relatively high values obtained for the lean Zucker (FA/FA) rats in all gray matter areas studied, on average to the extent of 50%. When compared with Wistar rats, several brain areas of lean Zucker (FA/FA) animals had a normal glucose uptake. When these normal areas were assessed for common efferent and afferent pathways, it was found that many of these common connections had normal glucose utilizations. In direct comparison to the obese fa/fa rat, the LCGU rates of these areas were decreased, hinting that this would also be the case for their functional activity. Because these areas (limbic, thalamic, hypothalamic, autonomic) have been reported to be potentially relevant for bringing about the behavioral and neuroendocrine alterations known to occur in obese fa/fa rats, it is proposed that they represent dysfunctions that are partly responsible for the obesity syndrome of the fa/fa strain.

Local cerebral glucose utilization in the brain of old, learning impaired rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wree ◽  
C. Kaever ◽  
B. Birgel ◽  
A. Schleicher ◽  
E. Horvath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization ◽  
Cerebral Glucose Utilization ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals The Lumped Constant of the Deoxyglucose Method in Hypoglycemia: Effects of Moderate Hypoglycemia on Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization in the Rat

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumio Suda ◽  
Mami Shinohara ◽  
Makoto Miyaoka ◽  
Giovanni Lucignani ◽  
Charles Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization ◽  
Cerebral Glucose Utilization ◽  
Lumped Constant ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Deoxyglucose Method

The applicability of the [14C]deoxyglucose method for measuring local cerebral glucose utilization (lCMRglc) has been extended for use in hypoglycemia by determination of the values of the lumped constant to be used in rats with plasma glucose concentrations ranging from approximately 2 to 6 m M. Lumped constant values were higher in hypoglycemia and declined from a value of 1.2 at the lowest arterial plasma glucose level (1.9 m M) to about 0.48 in normoglycemia. The distribution of glucose, and therefore also of the lumped constant, was found to remain relatively uniform throughout the brain at the lowest plasma glucose levels studied. lCMRglc in moderate, insulin-induced hypoglycemia (mean arterial plasma glucose concentration ± SD of 2.4 ± 0.3 m M) was determined with the appropriate lumped constant corresponding to the animal's plasma glucose concentration and compared with the results obtained in six normoglycemic rats. The weighted average rate of glucose utilization for the brain as a whole was significantly depressed by 14% in the hypoglycemic animals, i.e., 61 μmol/100 g/min in hypoglycemia compared to 71 μmol/100 g/min in the normoglycemic controls ( p < 0.05). lCMRglc was lower in 47 of 49 structures examined but statistically significantly below the rate in normoglycemic rats in only six structures ( p < 0.05) by multiple comparison statistics. Regions within the brainstem were most prominently affected. The greatest reductions, statistically significant or not, occurred in structures in which glucose utilization is normally high, suggesting that glucose delivery and transport to the tissue became rate-limiting first in those structures with the greatest metabolic demands for glucose.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrous Oxide on Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization in Rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ingvar ◽  
B. K. Siesjö
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Red Nucleus ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization ◽  
Cerebral Glucose Utilization ◽  
Spontaneously Breathing ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Deoxyglucose Method

The influence of 70–80% N2O on local local cerebral glucose utilization (CMRg1) in the rat brain was studied with the [14C]deoxyglucose method in minimally restrained, spontaneously breathing animals 75 min following discontinuation of halothane anaesthesia. Nitrous oxide was found to have only small effects on local CMRg1 in the majority of the 25 structures analyzed. When corrections were made for a small difference in body temperature between nitrous oxide–breathing animals and those breathing air, nitrous oxide was found to significantly increase local CMRg1 in some subcortical structures by 15–25% (red nucleus, thalamus, geniculate bodies, and superior colliculus), and to decrease local CMRg1 in nucleus accumbens and sensorimotor cortex by comparable amounts. Thus, although nitrous oxide does not alter overall glucose utilization in the brain, it differentially affects CMRg1 in some brain structures.

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