Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Cerebro-Venous Circulation

1990 ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Ludwig M. Auer
Keyword(s):  
Venous Circulation

Appropriate delivery method for cardiac disease pregnancy based on noninvasive cardiac monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masami Sawada ◽  
Jun Yoshimatsuj ◽  
Michikazu Nakai ◽  
Rie Tsukinaga ◽  
Tae Yokouchi-Konishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidural Anesthesia ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Stroke Volume Index ◽  
Cardiac Monitoring ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Epidural Group ◽  
Venous Circulation ◽  
A Prospective Study

AbstractBackgroundThere are numerous significant physiological changes occurring in circulation during labor. To detect these rapid hemodynamic changes, invasive and intermittent measurement techniques are not reliable. To suggest a suitable delivery method for pregnancy with cardiac disease, this study analyzed how each delivery method influences cardiac function using a noninvasive and continuous measurement technique.MethodsA prospective study was accomplished at the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center in Japan from October 1, 2014, to November 30, 2018. The classification of the healthy heart pregnant women was according to the delivery method: vaginal delivery (VD) without epidural anesthesia, VD with epidural anesthesia, and caesarean section (CS). The hemodynamic parameters cardiac index (CI), stroke volume index (SI), and heart rate (HR) were evaluated regularly throughout delivery by noninvasive electrical cardiometry monitor.ResultsTen cases were examined for each group. CI and HR were significantly increased before VD, while the increase in CI and HR was mild in the epidural group in comparison to the nonepidural group. SI was increased toward the delivery in the epidural group, and it was constant in the nonepidural group. However, there was no alteration in the level of outcomes of the two groups. In CS, SI increased and HR decreased before delivery. After delivery, SI continued to increase, while HR did not change but CI increased.ConclusionIn VD, the increase in venous circulation according to the autotransfusion is managed by increasing HR. By epidural anesthesia, the increase in HR was suppressed and SI was increased. However, as epidural anesthesia increases the vascular capacity, the level of SI outcome was comparable. In CS, the HR was decreased because of the spinal anesthesia and the SI was increased because of many factors like hydration. As there are many factors to control in CS, VD with epidural anesthesia will be the first preference for most cardiac patients.

scholarly journals Vertebral Metastasis Treated by Vertebroplasty, a Cause of Respiratory Failure: Case Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
Mathieu Chevallier ◽  
Chloé Chevallier-Lugon ◽  
Alex Friedlaender ◽  
Alfredo Addeo
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Fractures ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Vertebral Metastasis ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedure ◽  
Venous Circulation ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Frequent Site ◽  
The Right ◽  
Substantial Morbidity

Bone is a frequent site of metastases in advanced cancers including lung, breast, prostate, kidney, or myeloma. Lesions are commonly located on the spine. Neoplastic invasion of the vertebral body can result in painful vertebral fractures, leading to disability and substantial morbidity. Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to treat spinal fractures due to osteolytic tumors. It could result in pain reduction or resolution in 80–90% of patients with fractures, and it improves stability. Although considered safe, vertebroplasty has been associated over the years with life-threatening complications. We have reported the case of a 55-year-old patient with lung adenocarcinoma, who underwent vertebroplasty for a pathological neoplastic fracture of L2. The procedure was complicated by a leak of cement into the systemic venous circulation, characterized by an 11-cm filament in the right heart chambers and multiple pulmonary emboli. To our knowledge, only one similar case was previously reported, involving an intracardiac cement filament longer than 10 cm. The data are scant, hence the importance of collecting and reporting possible complications about what is perceived as a rather safe procedure. The case highlights the need for a robust postprocedure imaging plan to detect complications, which can impact patients’ morbidity and survival.

The assessment of pathological changes in cerebral blood flow in hypertensive rats with stress-induced intracranial hemorrhage using Doppler OCT: Particularities of arterial and venous alterations/Die Beurteilung von pathologischen Veränderungen der Hirndurchblutung bei hypertensiven Ratten mit Stress-induzierten intrakraniellen Blutungen mittels Doppler-OCT: Besonderheiten von arteriellen und venösen Veränderungen

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oxana V. Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya ◽  
Vladislav V. Lychagov ◽  
Olga A. Bibikova ◽  
Igor A. Semyachkin-Glushkovskiy ◽  
Sergey S. Sindeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Arterial Tree ◽  
Venous Outflow ◽  
Venous Circulation ◽  
Latent Stage ◽  
Doppler Oct

AbstractHemorrhagic insult is a major source of morbidity and mortality in both adults and newborn babies in the developed countries. The mechanisms underlying the non-traumatic rupture of cerebral vessels are not fully clear, but there is strong evidence that stress, which is associated with an increase in arterial blood pressure, plays a crucial role in the development of acute intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and alterations in cerebral blood flow (CBF) may contribute to the pathogenesis of ICH. The problem is that there are no effective diagnostic methods that allow for a prognosis of risk to be made for the development of ICH. Therefore, quantitative assessment of CBF may significantly advance the understanding of the nature of ICH. The aim of this study was to determine the particularities of alterations in arterial and venous cerebral circulation in hypertensive rats at different stages of stress-related development of ICH using three-dimensional Doppler optical coherence tomography (DOCT).Experiments were performed in mongrel adult rats. To induce ICH, hypertensive rats underwent stress (effect of severe sound, 120 dB during 2 h). To induce the renal hypertension (two kidneys, one clip) the rats were clipped at the left renal artery with a silver clip. Seven weeks after clipping, the hypertensive rats were used in the experiment. The monitoring of CBF was performed in anesthetized rats with fixed heads using a commercially available swept source OCT system (OCS1300SS; Thorlabs) in the masked period of ICH (4 h after stress) and during ICH (24 h after stress).It could be shown that in stressed rats, compared with non-stressed animals, the latent stage of stress-induced ICH (4 h after stress-off) is characterized by an increase in diameter of the superior sagittal vein with decrease in speed of the blood flow in the venous network, whereas no changes in the CBF in the arterial tree were found in this period. These facts suggest that the masked period of ICH is accompanied by decreasing venous outflow and the development of venous insufficiency. The incidence of ICH, 24 h after stress, is associated with progression of pathological alterations in cerebral venous circulation. All hypertensive rats with ICH demonstrated a greater increase in the diameter of the superior sagittal vein than stressed rats at the latent stage of ICH (in 2.5-fold,In summary, using DOCT we have shown that the latent stage of stress-induced ICH is characterized by a decrease in venous outflow. The incidence of ICH is associated with the progression of pathological alterations in cerebral venous circulation that is accompanied by a decrease in blood flow in the arterial tree. The evaluation of cerebral venous insufficiency is an important diagnostic approach for the prognosis of the risk of developing cerebral hypotension and ICH.

Leg Varices Originating from the Pelvis: Diagnosis and Treatment

Vascular ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milka Greiner ◽  
Geoffrey L. Gilling-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Repeat Surgery ◽  
Recurrent Reflux ◽  
Venous Circulation ◽  
Platinum Coils

This article reports the investigation and treatment of 24 women presenting with recurrent lower limb varicosities secondary to reflux within the pelvic venous circulation. Diagnosis based on selective retrograde pelvic phlebography enabled precise identification and classification of sites of incompetence. A total of 74 veins were treated by embolization with platinum coils and glue prior to repeat surgery to the lower limb veins. At 4-year follow-up, signs of stasis had disappeared in all patients. Repeat phlebography revealed no evidence of recurrent reflux at the sites of treatment. One patient developed recurrent varices due to incomplete embolization of incompetent pelvic veins. Endovascular occlusion of incompetent pelvic veins is an effective treatment for varicose veins secondary to pelvic venous incompetence.

Low-Oxygen-Saturation Quantification in Human Arterial and Venous Circulation

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 846-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schoevers ◽  
C. Scheffer ◽  
R. Dippenaar
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Venous Circulation
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