Scale-Dependent Evolution of Specialization in a Checkerspot Butterfly: From Individuals to Metapopulations and Ecotypes

1998 ◽  
pp. 343-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris D. Thomas ◽  
Michael C. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Evolution Of Specialization

scholarly journals Evolution of Specialization in Dynamic Fluids

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurdip Uppal ◽  
Dervis Can Vural
Keyword(s):  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Community Structures ◽  
Invasion Fitness ◽  
Physical Simulations ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
Mechanical Factors ◽  
Evolution Of Specialization

AbstractPreviously we found mechanical factors involving diffusion and fluid shear promote evolution of social behavior in microbial populations Uppal and Vural (2018). Here, we extend this model to study the evolution of specialization using realistic physical simulations of bacteria that secrete two public goods in a dynamic fluid. Through this first principles approach, we find physical factors such as diffusion, flow patterns, and decay rates are as influential as fitness economics in governing the evolution of community structure, to the extent that when mechanical factors are taken into account, (1) Generalist communities can resist becoming specialists, despite the invasion fitness of specialization (2) Generalist and specialists can both resist cheaters despite the invasion fitness of free-riding. (3) Multiple community structures can coexist despite the opposing force of competitive exclusion. Our results emphasize the role of spatial assortment and physical forces on niche partitioning and the evolution of diverse community structures.

scholarly journals Trade-offs limiting the evolution of coloniality: ecological displacement rates used to measure small costs

2010 ◽  
Vol 278 (1704) ◽  
pp. 458-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoko Yokota ◽  
Robert W. Sterner
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Desmodesmus Subspicatus ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Evolution Of Specialization

Multicellular organisms that benefit from division of labour are presumably descended from colonial species that initially derived benefits from larger colony size, before the evolution of specialization. Life in a colony can have costs as well as benefits, but these can be hard to measure. We measured physiological costs to life in a colony using a novel method based on population dynamics, comparing growth rates of unicells and kairomone-induced colonies of a green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus against a reference co-occurring species. Coloniality negatively affected growth during the initial log growth phase, while no adverse effect was detected under nutrient-limited competitive conditions. The results point to costs associated with traits involved in rapid growth rather than those associated with efficient growth under resource scarcity. Some benefits of coloniality (e.g. defence from herbivory) may be different from when this trait evolved, but our approach shows how costs would have depended on conditions.

scholarly journals Evolution of specialization in heterogeneous environments: equilibrium between selection, mutation and migration

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Mirrahimi ◽  
Sylvain Gandon
Keyword(s):  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Adaptive Dynamics ◽  
Mutation Rates ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Evolution Of Specialization

AbstractAdaptation in spatially heterogeneous environments results from the balance between local selection, mutation and migration. We study the interplay among these different evolutionary forces and demography in a classical two habitat scenario with asexual reproduction. We develop a new theoretical approach that fills a gap between the restrictive assumptions of Adaptive Dynamics and Quantitative Genetics. This analysis yields more accurate predictions of the equilibrium phenotypic distribution in different habitats. We examine the evolutionary equilibrium under general conditions where demography and selection may be non-symmetric between the two habitats. In particular we show how migration may increase differentiation in a source-sink scenario. We discuss the implications of these analytic results for the adaptation of organisms with large mutation rates such as RNA viruses.

scholarly journals ADAPTATION AND CONSTRAINT IN THE EVOLUTION OF SPECIALIZATION OF BAHAMIAN ANOLIS LIZARDS

Evolution ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1786-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan B. Losos ◽  
Duncan J. Irschick ◽  
Thomas W. Schoener
Keyword(s):  
Evolution Of Specialization
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