Efficient Designs for Paired Comparisons with a Polynomial Factor

Linguistic Distance and Translation Differential Item Functioning on Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study Mathematics Assessment Items

Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment ◽

10.1177/07342829211010537 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 073428292110105

Author(s):

Semirhan Gökçe ◽

Giray Berberoğlu ◽

Craig S. Wells ◽

Stephen G. Sireci

Keyword(s):

Differential Item Functioning ◽

Test Scores ◽

Mathematics Assessment ◽

Paired Comparisons ◽

Science Study ◽

Linguistic Distance ◽

Test Characteristic ◽

Item Functioning ◽

Mathematics And Science ◽

Country Specific

The 2015 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) involved 57 countries and 43 different languages to assess students’ achievement in mathematics and science. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether items and test scores are affected as the differences between language families and cultures increase. Using differential item functioning (DIF) procedures, we compared the consistency of students’ performance across three combinations of languages and countries: (a) same language but different countries, (b) same countries but different languages, and (c) different languages and different countries. The analyses consisted of the detection of the number of DIF items for all paired comparisons within each condition, the direction of DIF, the magnitude of DIF, and the differences between test characteristic curves. As the countries were more distant with respect to cultures and language families, the presence of DIF increased. The magnitude of DIF was greatest when both language and country differed, and smallest when the languages were same, but the countries were different. Results suggest that when TIMSS results are compared across countries, the language- and country-specific differences which could reflect cultural, curriculum, or other differences should be considered.

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Do informal reasoning fallacies really shape decisions? Experimental evidence

Rationality and Society ◽

10.1177/10434631211033658 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104346312110336

Author(s):

Lucie Vrbová ◽

Kateřina Jiřinová ◽

Karel Helman ◽

Hana Lorencová

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Experimental Evidence ◽

Strong Support ◽

Slippery Slope ◽

Paired Comparisons ◽

Anecdotal Evidence ◽

Informal Reasoning ◽

Cognitive Reflection ◽

The Relationship ◽

Fallacious Reasoning

Informal reasoning fallacies belong to a persuasive tactic, leading to a conclusion that is not supported by premises but reached through emotions and/or misleading and incomplete information. Previous research focused on the ability to recognize informal reasoning fallacies. However, the recognition itself does not necessarily mean immunity to their influence on decisions made. An experiment was designed to study the relationship between the presence of informal reasoning fallacies and a consequent decision. Having conducted paired comparisons of distributions, we have found some support for the hypothesis that informal reasoning fallacies affect decision-making more substantially than non-fallacious reasoning—strong support in the case of a slippery slope, weak in that of appeal to fear, anecdotal evidence argument defying evaluation. Numeracy and cognitive reflection seem to be associated with higher resistance to the slippery slope, but do not diminish appeal to fear.

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Evaluation of cosmetic foaming cleanser by paired comparisons method with think-aloud method

International Journal of Cosmetic Science ◽

10.1111/j.1467-2494.2005.00288_1.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 351-351

Author(s):

M. Senoo

Keyword(s):

Paired Comparisons ◽

Think Aloud

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Paired Comparisons or Sorting? Comparing Web-Based Methods for Collecting Similarity Data for Large Stimulus Sets for Destination Image Positioning

Journal of Travel Research ◽

10.1177/0047287516646220 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 482-495

Author(s):

Ilona Pezenka

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Destination Image ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Paired Comparisons ◽

Large Stimulus ◽

Web Based ◽

Perceptual Maps ◽

Perceived Difficulty ◽

Collection Methods

Destination image is among the most studied constructs in tourism research. Many researchers are still convinced that the rating scale method is the most accurate for assessing destination image. This study presents alternative methods of data collection, namely, free-sorting and reduced paired comparisons, and investigates their applicability in a Web-based environment. The study then subjects these data collection methods to empirical analysis and compares the judgment task’s effects on perceived difficulty, fatigue, and boredom, on data quality, and on perceptual maps derived with MDS. The findings demonstrate that these methods are more accurate whenever a large number of objects have to be judged, which is particularly the case for positioning and competitiveness studies.

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MOISTURE STRESS AND FIR ENGRAVER (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) ATTACK IN WHITE FIR INFECTED BY TRUE MISTLETOE

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent106315-3 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 106 (3) ◽

pp. 315-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

George T. Ferrell

Keyword(s):

Xylem Sap ◽

Moisture Stress ◽

Paired Comparisons ◽

White Fir

AbstractXylem sap tension, an indication of moisture stress, was compared in foliated twigs of white fir infected by the mistletoe, Phoradendron bolleanum subspecies pauciflorum, and in paired, uninfected fir at the lower, mid-, and upper crown level. The upper boles were examined for fir engraver attacks. Reproductively successful attacks containing little or no host oleoresin were found in the infected fir, while only a single unsuccessful attack filled with oleoresin was found in the uninfected trees. Mean moisture stress in the upper crowns of most of the infected fir exceeded that in uninfected trees in all paired comparisons except one with a light infection. No differences in mean moisture stress between infected and uninfected trees were found at the lower and mid-crown levels.

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