This study is carried out to make the pyroprocessing hold a competitive advantage from the viewpoint of environmental load reduction and economical improvement. As one of the measures to reduce the volume of the high-level radioactive waste (HLW), the phosphate conversion method is applied for removal of fission products (FP) from the melt, referring to the spent electrolyte in this paper. Among the removing target chlorides in the spent electrolyte i.e., alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and rare earth elements, only the rare earth elements and lithium form the precipitates as insoluble phosphates by reaction with Li3PO4. The sand filtration method was applied to separate FP precipitates from the spent electrolyte. The iron phosphate glass (IPG) powder, which is a compatible material for the immobilization of FP, was used as a filter medium. After filtration experiment, it was proven that insoluble FP could almost be completely removed from the spent electrolyte. Subsequently, we attempted to separate the dissolved FP from the spent electrolyte. The IPG was being used once again but this time as a sorbent instead. This is possible because the IPG has some unique characteristics, e.g., changing the valence of iron, which is one of its network modifiers due to its manufacturing temperature. Therefore, it would be likely to sorb some FP when the chemical condition of IPG is unstable. We produced three kinds of IPG under different manufacturing temperature and confirmed that those glasses could sorb FP as anticipated. According to the experimental result, its sorption efficiency of metal cations was attained at around 20–40%.
Rapid Separation of Individual Rare-Earth Elements from Fission Products
