Terrestrial Vertebrate Animal Metagenomics, Non-domesticated Macropodidae, Kangaroo

Late Cretaceous stratigraphy and vertebrate faunas of the Markagunt, Paunsaugunt, and Kaiparowits plateaus, southern Utah

Geology of the Intermountain West ◽

10.31711/giw.v3i0.10 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 229-291 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alan L. Titus ◽

Jeffrey G. Eaton ◽

Joseph Sertich

Keyword(s):

Late Cretaceous ◽

Foreland Basin ◽

Alluvial Plain ◽

Terrestrial Vertebrate ◽

The North ◽

Single Region ◽

The World ◽

Kaiparowits Plateau ◽

Fossil Preservation ◽

Fossil Records

The Late Cretaceous succession of southern Utah was deposited in an active foreland basin circa 100 to 70 million years ago. Thick siliciclastic units represent a variety of marine, coastal, and alluvial plain environments, but are dominantly terrestrial, and also highly fossiliferous. Conditions for vertebrate fossil preservation appear to have optimized in alluvial plain settings more distant from the coast, and so in general the locus of good preservation of diverse assemblages shifts eastward through the Late Cretaceous. The Middle and Late Campanian record of the Paunsaugunt and Kaiparowits Plateau regions is especially good, exhibiting common soft tissue preservation, and comparable with that of the contemporaneous Judith River and Belly River Groups to the north. Collectively the Cenomanian through Campanian strata of southern Utah hold one of the most complete single region terrestrial vertebrate fossil records in the world.

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Impact of Environmental Stressors on Gene Expression in the Embryo of the Italian Wall Lizard

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11114723 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 4723

Author(s):

Rosaria Scudiero ◽

Chiara Maria Motta ◽

Palma Simoniello

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Protein Interactions ◽

Membrane Trafficking ◽

Translational Regulation ◽

Cellular Protection ◽

Terrestrial Vertebrate ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Stress Changes ◽

Probable Consequence ◽

The Impact

The cleidoic eggs of oviparous reptiles are protected from the external environment by membranes and a parchment shell permeable to water and dissolved molecules. As a consequence, not only physical but also chemical insults can reach the developing embryos, interfering with gene expression. This review provides information on the impact of the exposure to cadmium contamination or thermal stress on gene expression during the development of Italian wall lizards of the genus Podarcis. The results obtained by transcriptomic analysis, although not exhaustive, allowed to identify some stress-reactive genes and, consequently, the molecular pathways in which these genes are involved. Cadmium-responsive genes encode proteins involved in cellular protection, metabolism and proliferation, membrane trafficking, protein interactions, neuronal transmission and plasticity, immune response, and transcription regulatory factors. Cold stress changes the expression of genes involved in transcriptional/translational regulation and chromatin remodeling and inhibits the transcription of a histone methyltransferase with the probable consequence of modifying the epigenetic control of DNA. These findings provide transcriptome-level evidence of how terrestrial vertebrate embryos cope with stress, giving a key to use in population survival and environmental change studies. A better understanding of the genes contributing to stress tolerance in vertebrates would facilitate methodologies and applications aimed at improving resistance to unfavourable environments.

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