Focal and Restricted Traumatic Injury Models in the Rodent Brain: Limitations, Possibilities, and Challenges

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-46
Author(s):  
Jesper Mogensen ◽  
Hana Malá
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Rodent Brain ◽  
Injury Models

Axon Regeneration in the Mammalian Optic Nerve

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-213
Author(s):  
Philip R. Williams ◽  
Larry I. Benowitz ◽  
Jeffrey L. Goldberg ◽  
Zhigang He
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Optic Glioma ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Nerve Crush ◽  
Neural Repair ◽  
Molecular Logic ◽  
Injury Models

The damage or loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons accounts for the visual functional defects observed after traumatic injury, in degenerative diseases such as glaucoma, or in compressive optic neuropathies such as from optic glioma. By using optic nerve crush injury models, recent studies have revealed the cellular and molecular logic behind the regenerative failure of injured RGC axons in adult mammals and suggested several strategies with translational potential. This review summarizes these findings and discusses challenges for developing clinically applicable neural repair strategies.

Agmatine treatment is neuroprotective in rodent brain injury models

Life Sciences ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. PL41-PL46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gad M. Gilad ◽  
Khalil Salame ◽  
Jose M. Rabey ◽  
Varda H. Gilad
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Rodent Brain ◽  
Injury Models

Update: Behavioral Management of Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis and Paresis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-482
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Voice Therapy ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Behavioral Management ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Vocal Quality ◽  
And Function ◽  
Voice Use

PurposeVocal fold motion impairment (VFMI) can be the result of iatrogenic or traumatic injury or may be idiopathic in nature. It can result in glottic incompetence leading to changes in vocal quality and ease. Associated voice complaints may include breathiness, roughness, diplophonia, reduced vocal intensity, feeling out of breath with talking, and vocal fatigue with voice use. A comprehensive interprofessional voice evaluation includes auditory-perceptual voice evaluation, laryngeal examination including videostroboscopy, acoustic and aerodynamic voice measures. These components provide valuable insight into laryngeal structure and function and individual voice use patterns and, in conjunction with stimulability testing, help identify candidacy for voice therapy and choice of therapeutic techniques.ConclusionA comprehensive, interprofessional evaluation of patients with VFMI is necessary to assess the role of voice therapy and develop a treatment plan. Although there is no efficacy data to support specific voice therapy techniques for treating VFMI, considerations for various techniques are provided.

Antisense knockdown of the glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 exacerbates hippocampal neuronal damage following traumatic injury to rat brain

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vemuganti L. Raghavendra Rao ◽  
Aclan Dogan ◽  
Kellie K. Bowen ◽  
Kathryn G. Todd ◽  
Robert J. Dempsey
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Glial Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Antisense Knockdown

The association between daily PTSD symptom severity and alcohol-related outcomes in recent traumatic injury victims.

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce Hruska ◽  
Maria L. Pacella ◽  
Richard L. George ◽  
Douglas L. Delahanty
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Ptsd Symptom ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Ptsd Symptom Severity

Pulmonary hair embolism in a rescued free-ranging Eurasian otter Lutra lutra in Kinmen, Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
WT Li ◽  
YL Chiang ◽  
TY Chen ◽  
CL Lai
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Hair Shaft ◽  
Lutra Lutra ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Eurasian Otter ◽  
Foreign Body Giant Cells ◽  
Free Ranging

Eurasian otters Lutra lutra are listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List and are imperiled by habitat loss, water pollution, and poaching. Harassment and attacks by stray animals are also recognized threats to the health of wild Eurasian otters. Pulmonary hair embolism is a possible complication in animals with deep traumatic injury, but to date no cases have been reported in wildlife. A free-ranging, adult male Eurasian otter was rescued due to severe emaciation and multiple bite wounds. The otter died 3 d after rescue and was necropsied. Grossly, a 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.5 cm firm nodule was observed in the left cranial lung lobe. Histologically, a fragment of hair shaft surrounded by multinucleated foreign body giant cells was observed in a medium-sized vein, and extensive eosinophilic infiltration was noted in the adjacent vascular wall and lung parenchyma. Based on the gross and histological findings, the pulmonary lesion was consistent with eosinophilic pneumonia and vasculitis induced by hair embolism. The presence of well-formed multinucleated foreign body giant cells and eosinophils may imply a late stage of foreign body reaction, and thus the presumptive source of hair embolism is an animal bite. This is the first report of pulmonary hair embolism associated with animal bite in a rescued free-ranging Eurasian otter.

Multiple subluxations and comminuted fracture of the cervical spine in a sheep

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (01) ◽  
pp. 44-38
Author(s):  
C.-C. Lin ◽  
K.-S. Chen ◽  
Y.-L. Lin ◽  
J. P.-W. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Spinal Reflexes ◽  
Spine Trauma ◽  
Blunt Force Trauma ◽  
Comminuted Fracture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

SummaryA 5-month-old, 13.5 kg, female Corriedale sheep was referred to the Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, with a history of traumatic injury of the cervical spine followed by non-ambulatoric tetraparesis that occurred 2 weeks before being admitted to the hospital. At admission, malalignment of the cervical spine with the cranial part of the neck deviating to the right was noted. Neurological examinations identified the absence of postural reactions in both forelimbs, mildly decreased spinal reflexes, and normal reaction to pain perception tests. Radiography revealed malalignment of the cervical vertebrae with subluxations at C1–C2 and C2–C3, and a comminuted fracture of the caudal aspect of C2. The sheep was euthanized due to a presumed poor prognosis. Necropsy and histopathological findings confirmed injuries of the cervical spine from C1 to C3, which were consistent with the clinical finding of tetraparesis in this case. This paper presents a rare case of multiple subluxations of the cervical spine caused by blunt force trauma in a young sheep. These results highlight the importance of an astute clinical diagnosis for such an acute cervical spine trauma and the need for prompt surgical correction for similar cases in the future.

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