Development of Efficient Prophylactic Vaccines and Theracines for Newborns and Infants

Microbial Biofilms and Biotechnology – Some Perceptions

Current Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/2211550109999201026091512 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 09 ◽

Author(s):

Subba Rao Toleti

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Synthetic Biology ◽

Industrial Effluents ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Biochemical Processes ◽

Microbial Biofilms ◽

Biofilm Bacteria ◽

Prophylactic Vaccines ◽

Design Construction

: The review is an attempt to introduce the readers in brief about biofilms and their implications as well as some new perceptions in biotechnology. Biofilms are adherent microbial communities, which are developed on submerged surfaces in aquatic environments. Biofilms play a significant role in exopolymer production, material deterioration and also cause harmful infections. Further, the role of corrosion causing biofilm bacteria in deterioration of different materials, microbial biofilms and their enzymatic processes in reducing the toxicity of pollutants in industrial effluents are elaborated, along with clean technologies for wastewater treatment. Biotechnology is defined as any technological application that uses biological systems to synthesize or modify products or processes. The applications include biochemical processes, medical care, cell and tissue culture as well as synthetic biology and others. Synthetic biology details about the design, construction of new biological components and systems for useful purposes. Finally, to overcome the limitations that are inherent to the use of cellular host’s, cell-free systems as critical platforms for synthetic biology applications. This mini-review also mentions about new diagnostic products based on enzymes, monoclonal antibodies and engineered proteins as well as novel prophylactic vaccines.

Download Full-text

Cancer Vaccines: Promising Therapeutics or an Unattainable Dream

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9060668 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 668

Author(s):

Howard Donninger ◽

Chi Li ◽

John W. Eaton ◽

Kavitha Yaddanapudi

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Immune System ◽

Tumor Immunity ◽

Cancer Vaccines ◽

Tumor Antigens ◽

Host Immune System ◽

Tumor Type ◽

Therapeutic Vaccines ◽

Cancer Types ◽

Prophylactic Vaccines

The advent of cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the field of cancer treatment and offers cancer patients new hope. Although this therapy has proved highly successful for some patients, its efficacy is not all encompassing and several cancer types do not respond. Cancer vaccines offer an alternate approach to promote anti-tumor immunity that differ in their mode of action from antibody-based therapies. Cancer vaccines serve to balance the equilibrium of the crosstalk between the tumor cells and the host immune system. Recent advances in understanding the nature of tumor-mediated tolerogenicity and antigen presentation has aided in the identification of tumor antigens that have the potential to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Cancer vaccines can either be prophylactic (preventative) or therapeutic (curative). An exciting option for therapeutic vaccines is the emergence of personalized vaccines, which are tailor-made and specific for tumor type and individual patient. This review summarizes the current standing of the most promising vaccine strategies with respect to their development and clinical efficacy. We also discuss prospects for future development of stem cell-based prophylactic vaccines.

Download Full-text

INFLUENCE OF POPULATION IMMUNITY PECULIARITIES ON THE STRUCTURE OF MEASLES AND RUBELLA PREVALENCE

Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity ◽

10.15789/2220-7619-2018-3-341-348 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 341-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. P. Toptygina ◽

M. A. Smerdova ◽

M. A. Naumova ◽

N. P. Vladimirova ◽

T. A. Mamaeva

Keyword(s):

Protective Immunity ◽

Measles Virus ◽

Gradual Increase ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Population Immunity ◽

Healthy Donors ◽

Different Ages ◽

Protective Antibodies ◽

Prophylactic Vaccines ◽

Measles Incidence

According to the lasting serological investigations of patients with rubella and measles, a major factor that determines the resistance to the infections is specific antibodies, that are still circulating in blood of recovered persons during their life. Since vaccinated people are also included in this concept, serological monitoring of people different ages who get vaccinated against rubella and measles is conducted in Russia. However the discrepancy between specific immunity intensity and the measles incidence was showed last years. Using “Vector Best” kits, the study of the anti-measles and antirubella population immunity in scale of age: under 1 year, 1–2 years, 3–6 years, 7–14 years, 15–17 years, 18–30 years, 31–40 years, 41–50 years, and 51–60 years was carried out in Moscow and Moscow region in 2013 (period of unfavorable epidemic situation). The serum probes were obtained from 654 random healthy donors and 646 patients with serologically confirmed measles infection. As a result, gradual increase of percentage of people with protective antibodies to rubella and measles have been demonstrated: 81.3% donors aged 7–14 years were protected from measles and more than 90% — from rubella. Moreover, percentage of individuals who have had immunity to rubella were the same in adults too. The most marked increase of percentage of seronegative persons to measles virus (40% and more) was in age from 18 to 30 years, and in groups over the age 40 years old protection reaches 85–95%. Comparison between percentage of measles patients different ages and percentage of persons with protective antibodies in serum have demonstrated significant negative correlation between measles prevalence and the level of specific antibody in population (r = –0.76). According to the results, increase (to 28%) and decrease (to 2.9%) of measles patients aged 18 to 30 and 51 to 60 years are based on decrease (to 55%) and increase (to 95%) of persons with protective immunity, respectively. Results of analysis of measles prevalence in different ages have demonstrated, that among adult measles patients (18–50 years) 14.5% responded on infection by secondary immune response; among children and teenagers there were no such patients, that proves the significant effectiveness of prophylactic vaccines.

Download Full-text

Respiratory infections due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and the influenza virus in South Africans undertaking the Hajj

Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.4102/sajid.v33i5.137 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Salim Parker ◽

Anwar A. Hoosen ◽

Charles Feldman ◽

Amgad Gamil ◽

Jerusha Naidoo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Influenza Virus ◽

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

South African ◽

Pneumococcal Disease ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Mass Gathering ◽

South Africans ◽

Causes Of Disease ◽

Prophylactic Vaccines

The Hajj is the largest annual mass gathering on Earth. Respiratory infections are one of the leading causes of disease and hospitalisation during the pilgrimage, with pneumonia and influenza most common among these infections despite the availability of prophylactic vaccines. In fact, immunisation against influenza and pneumococcal disease is currently not a requirement for South African pilgrims entering Saudi Arabia. This review examines the burden of respiratory infections during the Hajj, particularly pneumonia and influenza, with a focus on pilgrims from South Africa. Although the number of South African pilgrims attending the Hajj has been capped at 2 000 since 2013, 30 000 South Africans perform the minor Umrah pilgrimage annually. Understanding the aetiology of disease in this group could have implications for medical resourcing during the Hajj.

Download Full-text

GENITAL AND PERINATAL HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTIONS: PROPHYLACTIC VACCINES

Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽

10.1016/b978-012663330-6/50009-7 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 187-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

LAWRENCE R. STANBERRY

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Prophylactic Vaccines ◽

Simplex Virus

Download Full-text

Prevention of Cervical Cancer: Challenges and Perspectives of HPV Prophylactic Vaccines

Emerging Issues on HPV Infections ◽

10.1159/000092755 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 184-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Joseph Monsonego

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Prophylactic Vaccines

Download Full-text

HIV Universal Vaccine

Molecular and Cellular Therapies ◽

10.13052/2052-8426-2018-05 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Marek Malecki ◽

Bianka Saetre

Keyword(s):

World Wide ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Therapeutic Vaccines ◽

Universal Vaccine ◽

Health Authorities ◽

Prophylactic Vaccines ◽

Induced Immunity

Abstract: For many deadly viruses, there are no preventive and / or therapeutic vaccines approved by health authorities World-wide (e.g., HIV, Ebola, Dengue, and many others). Although, for some viruses, prophylactic vaccines are very effective (e.g., HBV, Polio, Rota, and many others). In this realm, we design, manufacture, test, and streamline into the clinics novel viral universal vaccines (VUV). VUV have such unique features, that medical vaccination or natural infection induced immunity against some viruses (e.g., HBV) in patients, who became infected with other viruses (e.g., HIV), upon the VUV’s administration , is redirected against these other, newly infecting viruses (e.g., HIV).

Download Full-text