Transparency in reporting the results of clinical and preclinical research is critical for unbiased publications. Funding agencies, publishers, and regulators have the responsibility to advocate and implement reporting standards for rigorous design. While individual study protocols may have included these standards, the items reported in the respective publications have often been inconsistent or lack transparency. This editorial intends to provide some specific guidelines for reporting results of clinical research with standards required for rigorous study design. We recommend that reporting clinical research should include sufficient information on study design and analysis plan that contains data processing, quality assurance, and appropriate methods used for rigorous statistical analysis or modeling. Any discrepancy between publications and original study design should be disclosed and discussed. Additionally, recent advances in the analysis of outcome with repeated measurements and statistical modeling should be employed to obtain unbiased estimates. Finally, we briefly discuss some issues reporting real-world evidence in clinical research.
The book "Outlining Clinical Research" by Stephen B. Hulley, Steven R. Cummings, Warren S. Browner, Deborah G. Grady and Thomas B. Newman, translated by Michael Schimdt Duncan and André Garcia Islabão, and published, in 2015, by the publisher Artmed. As a primary focus, it is the instrumentalization of readers so that they can formulate research questions and plan an effective, systemic and ethical study design.
Abstract: The pain, TENS, Myofascial Release. The research objective was to determine the effect of administration of TENS and Myofascial Release to decline Mechanical Neck Pain. This study design is one group of pre and post-test design. Subjects and treatment are 20 people who suffer from neck pain mechanic who met the study criteria given TENS and myofascial release treatment for 2 weeks. Points clinical research "Fitasoma" Colomadu, Karanganyar, Central Java. The results of the significance of pain before and after treatment have a value of p = 0.000 (p <0.05), which means that there is an influence of TENS and Myofascial Release to the reduction of mechanical neck pain. TENS and Myofascial Release have the effect of reducing pain in patients with mechanical neck pain
Research products that lack transparency and are influenced by confirmation bias lead to barriers that, when left unchecked, propagate throughout the scientific record and lead to wasted research effort. Phylogenetics is particularly vulnerable given its ever-evolving methodology and wide choice of options for conducting analyses. Great strides in transparency have been achieved in clinical research by the implementation of a priori protocols. Here we propose a similar approach—phylotocol—a straightforward, protocol-driven strategy tailored to the needs of phylogenetic studies. We provide a simple template and offer a flexible range of implementation frameworks, including preregistration options. Besides increasing transparency and accountability, phylotocol has the added benefits of improving study design and reproducibility, enhancing collaboration and education, and increasing the likelihood of project completion. The increased transparency afforded by wide adoption of an a priori system like phylotocol would have extensive benefits to science.
Reporting Standards for Clinical and Translational Research
